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1 the thermometer is down by five degrees
the thermometer is down by five degreeso termômetro desceu 5 graus.English-Portuguese dictionary > the thermometer is down by five degrees
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2 down
I noun II noun2) (hair) Flaum, derIII 1. adverb1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter
go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen
get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren
come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen
pay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen
4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern
5) (on to paper)6) (on programme)put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen
down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!
8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) untendown on the floor — auf dem Fußboden
low/lower down — tief/tiefer unten
down there/here — da/hier unten
his flat is on the next floor down — seine Wohnung ist ein Stockwerk tiefer
down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande
down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)
down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten
down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern
down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)
9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde10) (on paper)be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein
11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Boden13) (in depression)down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen
14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger15)be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...
we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund
now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun
the water had boiled right down — das Wasser war fast verdampft
17) (including lower limit)from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter
18) (in position of lagging or loss) wenigerbe three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen
2. prepositionbe down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also academic.ru/79258/up">up 1.
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)lower down the river — weiter unten am Fluss
fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen
walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen
2) (downwards through) durchfall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen
4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen
5) (downwards in time)the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden
6) (along)come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen
go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen
7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] untenfurther down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste
8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee
10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)3. adjectivedown the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]4. transitive verb(coll.)1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]3)down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen
4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]5. noun(coll.)•• Cultural note:have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist* * *I 1. adverb1) (towards or in a low or lower position, level or state: He climbed down to the bottom of the ladder.) hinunter2) (on or to the ground: The little boy fell down and cut his knee.) zum/auf den Boden3) (from earlier to later times: The recipe has been handed down in our family for years.) weiter4) (from a greater to a smaller size, amount etc: Prices have been going down steadily.) gefallen5) (towards or in a place thought of as being lower, especially southward or away from a centre: We went down from Glasgow to Bristol.) hinunter2. preposition1) (in a lower position on: Their house is halfway down the hill.) hinunter2) (to a lower position on, by, through or along: Water poured down the drain.) hinunter3) (along: The teacher's gaze travelled slowly down the line of children.) entlang3. verb(to finish (a drink) very quickly, especially in one gulp: He downed a pint of beer.) hinunterkippen- downward- downwards
- downward
- down-and-out
- down-at-heel
- downcast
- downfall
- downgrade
- downhearted
- downhill
- downhill racing
- downhill skiing
- down-in-the-mouth
- down payment
- downpour
- downright 4. adjective- downstairs- downstream
- down-to-earth
- downtown
- downtown
- down-trodden
- be/go down with
- down on one's luck
- down tools
- down with
- get down to
- suit someone down to the ground
- suit down to the ground II noun- downie®- downy* * *down1[daʊn]I. ADVERBget \down off that table! komm sofort vom Tisch herunter!the leaflet slipped \down behind the wardrobe die Broschüre ist hinter den Kleiderschrank gerutschtcome further \down [the steps] komm noch etwas weiter [die Treppe] runter fam“\down!” (to a dog) „Platz!“▪ to let sth \down etw herunterlassento lie sth \down etw hinlegen [o ablegen]to pull sth \down etw nach unten ziehento put \down sth etw hinstellen [o abstellen2. (downwards) nach untenhead \down mit dem Kopf nach untento point down nach unten zeigen3. (in a lower position) unten\down here/there hier/dort unten\down at/by/in sth unten an/bei/in etw datthings are much more expensive \down [in the] south unten im Süden ist alles viel teurerhow often do you come \down to Cornwall? wie oft kommen Sie nach Cornwall runter? fammy parents live \down in Worcestershire meine Eltern leben außerhalb [von hier] in Worcestershirehe has a house \down by the harbour er hat ein Haus draußen am Hafen\down our way hier in unserem Viertel [o unserer Gegend] [o SCHWEIZ Quartiershe's certainly come \down in the world! mit ihr ist es ganz schön bergab gegangen! famto be \down on one's luck eine Pechsträhne habenshe's been \down on her luck recently in letzter Zeit ist sie vom Pech verfolgt7. (have only)▪ to be \down to sth nur noch etw habenwhen the rescue party found her, she was \down to her last bar of chocolate als die Rettungsmannschaft sie fand, hatte sie nur noch einen Riegel Schokolade8. (ill)to be \down with sth an etw dat erkrankt seinshe's \down with flu sie liegt mit einer Grippe im BettI think I'm going \down with a cold ich glaube, ich kriege eine Erkältung fam9. SPORT im RückstandMilan were three goals \down at half-time zur Halbzeit lag Mailand [um] drei Tore zurück10. (back in time, to a later time)Joan of Arc's fame has echoed \down [through] the centuries Jeanne d'Arcs Ruhm hat die Jahrhunderte überdauert\down to the last century bis ins vorige Jahrhundert [hinein]to come \down myths überliefert werden11. (at/to a lower amount) niedrigerthe pay offer is \down 2% from last year das Lohnangebot liegt 2 % unter dem vom Vorjahrhe quit the poker game when he was only $50 \down er hörte mit dem Pokerspiel auf, als er erst 50 Dollar verloren hatteto get the price \down den Preis drücken [o herunterhandeln]to go \down sinkenthe number of students has gone \down die Zahl der Studierenden ist gesunken12. (in/to a less intense degree) herunterlet the fire burn \down lass das Feuer herunterbrennensettle \down, you two gebt mal ein bisschen Ruhe, ihr zweito turn the music/radio \down die Musik/das Radio leiser stellen [o machen]to water a drink \down ein Getränk verwässern13. (including) bis einschließlichthe entire administration has come under suspicion, from the mayor \down das gesamte Verwaltungspersonal, angefangen beim Bürgermeister, ist in Verdacht gerateneveryone, from the director \down to the secretaries, was questioned by the police vom Direktor angefangen bis hin zu den Sekretärinnen, wurde jeder von der Polizei verhört14. (on paper)we've got you \down for five tickets wir haben fünf Karten für Sie vorbestelltto get sth \down etw [hinunter]schluckenshe couldn't get the pill \down sie brachte die Tablette nicht hinunter famyou'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe gegessen hast16. (thoroughly) gründlichhe washed the car \down er wusch den Wagen von oben bis unten17. (already finished) vorbeitwo lectures \down, eight to go zwei Vorlesungen haben wir schon besucht, es bleiben also noch acht18. (as initial payment) als Anzahlung19. (attributable)the problem is \down to her inexperience, not any lack of intelligence es liegt an ihrer Unerfahrenheit, nicht an mangelnder Intelligenzit's all \down to you now to make it work nun ist es an Ihnen, die Sache in Gang zu bringen20. (reduce to)to come \down to sth auf etw akk hinauslaufenwhat the problem comes \down to is this:... die entscheidende Frage ist:...well, if I bring it \down to its simplest level,... also, stark vereinfacht könnte man sagen,...21. (in crossword puzzles) senkrecht22.that suits me \down to the ground das ist genau das Richtige für michII. PREPOSITIONmy uncle's in hospital after falling \down some stairs mein Onkel ist im Krankenhaus, nachdem er die Treppe heruntergefallen [o hinuntergefallen] istup and \down the stairs die Treppe rauf und runter famshe poured the liquid \down the sink sie schüttete die Flüssigkeit in den Abflussto come \down the hill den Hügel heruntersteigen [o geh herabsteigen]to go \down the mountain den Berg hinuntersteigen [o geh hinabsteigen3. (along) entlanggo \down the street gehen Sie die Straße entlang [o hinunter]her office is \down the corridor on the right ihr Büro ist weiter den Gang entlang auf der rechten Seitewe drove \down the motorway as far as Bristol wir fuhren auf der Schnellstraße bis BristolI ran my finger \down the list of ingredients ich ging mit dem Finger die Zutatenliste durchher long red hair reached most of the way \down her back ihre langen roten Haare bedeckten fast ihren ganzen Rückento sail the boat \down the river mit dem Boot flussabwärts segeln4. (in a particular place)\down sb's way in jds Gegendthey speak with a peculiar accent \down his way in seiner Ecke haben die Leute einen besonderen Akzent fam\down the ages von Generation zu Generation\down the centuries die Jahrhunderte hindurch\down the generations über Generationen hinwegI went \down the pub with my mates ich ging mit meinen Freunden in die Kneipeto go \down the shops einkaufen gehenyou'll feel better once you've got some hot soup \down you du wirst dich besser fühlen, sobald du ein bisschen heiße Suppe im Magen hast8.we don't want all their hard work to go \down the drain ich möchte nicht, dass ihre harte Arbeit ganz umsonst istIII. ADJECTIVE<more \down, most \down>the \down escalator die Rolltreppe nach untenthe computer will be \down for an hour der Computer wird für eine Stunde abgeschaltetI'm afraid the [telephone] lines are \down ich fürchte, die Telefonleitungen sind tot6. (sunk to a low level) niedrigthe river is \down der Fluss hat [o geh führt] NiedrigwasserIV. TRANSITIVE VERB1. (knock down)2. (shoot down)to \down tools (cease work) mit der Arbeit aufhören; (have a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (during a strike) die Arbeit niederlegenthe printers are threatening to \down tools die Drucker drohen mit Arbeitsniederlegungen5.▪ to \down sth (swallow) etw hinunterschlucken; (eat) etw essen; (eat quickly) etw verschlingen [o hinunterschlingen]; (drink) etw trinken; (drink quickly) etw hinunterkippen [o fam runterschütten] [o SCHWEIZ runterleeren]V. NOUNups and \downs Auf und Ab ntwell, we've had our ups and \downs wir haben schon Höhen und Tiefen durchgemachtwhy do you have a \down on him? was hast du gegen ihn?it's second \down es ist der zweite VersuchVI. INTERJECTION\down with taxes! weg mit den Steuern!\down with the dictator! nieder mit dem Diktator!down2[daʊn]\down jacket/quilt Daunenjacke f/-decke fdown3[daʊn]* * *I [daʊn]1. ADVERBWhen down is an element in a phrasal verb, eg get down, sit down, stand down, write down, look up the verb.1) indicating movement towards speaker herunter; (away from speaker) hinunter; (downstairs) nach untento jump down — herunter-/hinunterspringen
on his way down from the summit — auf seinem Weg vom Gipfel herab/hinab
2) indicating static position untendown there — da unten
I'll stay down here —
it needs a bit of paint down at the bottom — es muss unten herum neu gestrichen werden
don't kick a man when he's down (fig) — man soll jemanden nicht fertigmachen, wenn er schon angeschlagen ist or wenns ihm dreckig geht (inf)
the sun was down —
I'll be down in a minute —
3)= to or in another place
usu not translated he came down from London yesterday — er kam gestern aus Londonhe's down in London/at his brother's — er ist in London/bei seinem Bruder
we're going down to the seaside/to Dover — wir fahren an die See/nach Dover
4)= below previous level
his temperature is down —his shoes were worn down the price of meat is down on last week — seine Schuhe waren abgetragen der Fleischpreis ist gegenüber der letzten Woche gefallen
interest rates are down to/by 3% — der Zinssatz ist auf/um 3% gefallen
I'm £20 down on what I expected — ich habe £ 20 weniger als ich dachte
he's down to his last £10 — er hat nur noch £ 10
See:→ luck5)I've got it down in my diary — ich habe es in meinem Kalender notiertlet's get it down on paper — schreiben wir es auf, halten wir es schriftlich fest
when you see it down on paper — wenn man es schwarz auf weiß sieht
6)from the biggest down — vom Größten angefangenfrom 1700 down to the present —
8)to pay £20 down — £ 20 anzahlenI've put down a deposit on a new bike —
2. PREPOSITION1)to go/come down the hill/the stairs etc — den Berg/die Treppe etc hinuntergehen/herunterkommenher hair fell loose down her back — sie trug ihr Haar offen über die Schultern
2)he's already halfway down the hill — er ist schon auf halbem Wege nach unten3)= along
he was walking/coming down the street — er ging/kam die Straße entlangif you look down this road, you can see... — wenn Sie diese Straße hinunterblicken, können Sie... sehen
4)= throughout
down the centuries — durch die Jahrhunderte (hindurch)5)= to, in, at Brit inf
he's gone down the pub — er ist in die Kneipe gegangen3. NOUN(= dislike) __diams; to have a down on sb (inf) jdn auf dem Kieker haben (inf) → upSee:→ up4. ADJECTIVE (inf)1)= depressed
he was (feeling) a bit down — er fühlte sich ein wenig down (inf) or niedergeschlagen2)= not working
to be down — außer Betrieb sein; (Comput) abgestürzt sein5. TRANSITIVE VERBopponent niederschlagen, zu Fall bringen; enemy planes abschießen, (he)runterholen (inf); (FTBL ETC, inf) player legen (inf); beer etc runterkippen or -schütten (inf) IIn(= feathers) Daunen pl, Flaumfedern pl; (= fine hair) Flaum m IIIn usu pl (GEOG)Hügelland nt no pl* * *down1 [daʊn]A adv1. nach unten, herunter, hinunter, herab, hinab, ab-, niederwärts, zum Boden, zum Grund, (in Kreuzworträtseln) senkrecht:down from fort von, von … herab;paralysed from the waist down von der Hüfte abwärts gelähmt;down to our times bis in unsere Zeit;down to the last detail bis ins letzte Detail;down to the last man bis zum letzten Mann;from … down to von … bis hinunter zu;down to the ground umg vollständig, absolut, ganz und gar;suit sb down to the ground umg genau das Richtige für jemanden sein;be down on sb umga) über jemanden herfallen,b) jemanden auf dem Kieker haben umg3. (in) bar, sofort:5. vorgemerkt, angesetzt:the bill is down for the third reading today heute steht die dritte Lesung der Gesetzesvorlage auf der Tagesordnung;be down for Friday für Freitag angesetzt sein6. von einer großen Stadt ( in England: von London) weg:7. besonders USa) zu einer großen Stadt hinb) zur Endstation hinc) ins Geschäftsviertel8. (nach Süden) hinunter9. a) mit dem Strom, flussabwärtsb) mit dem Wind11. nieder!:down with the capitalists! nieder mit den Kapitalisten!;down on your knees! auf die Knie (mit dir)!12. (dr)unten:down there dort unten;13. unten (im Hause), aufgestanden:he is not down yet er ist noch oben oder im Schlafzimmer14. untergegangen (Sonne)15. a) heruntergegangen, gefallen (Preise)b) billiger (Waren)16. gefallen (Thermometer etc):be down by 10 degrees um 10 Grad gefallen sein17. Bra) nicht in Londonb) nicht an der Universität18. a) nieder-, hingestreckt, am Boden (liegend)c) erschöpft, kaputt, fix und fertig (beide umg)f) außer Betrieb (Computer)19. bettlägerig:be down with influenza mit Grippe im Bett liegen20. SPORT (um Punkte etc) zurück:he was two points down er war oder lag 2 Punkte zurück;they are 1-4 down sie liegen mit 1:4 im Rückstand (to gegen)B adj1. nach unten oder abwärtsgerichtet, Abwärts…:a down jump ein Sprung nach unten2. unten befindlich3. deprimiert, niedergeschlagendown platform Abfahrtsbahnsteig m (in London)5. besonders USa) in Richtung nach einer großen Stadtb) zum Geschäftsviertel (hin), in die Stadtmitte7. besonders US sl deprimierendC präp1. herunter, hinunter, herab, hinab, entlang:down the hill den Hügel hinunter;down the river den Fluss hinunter, flussab(wärts);down the middle durch die Mitte;down the street die Straße entlang oder hinunter2. (in derselben Richtung) mit:down the wind mit dem Wind3. a) hinunter in (akk)b) hinein in (akk)4. unten an (dat):further down the Rhine weiter unten am RheinD s1. figa) Abstieg mb) Nieder-, Rückgang m2. Tiefpunkt m, -stand m3. Depression f, (seelischer) Tiefpunkt4. umg Groll m:have a down on sb jemanden auf dem Kieker habenE v/t2. niederschlagen3. niederlegen:down tools die Arbeit niederlegen, in den Streik treten5. einen Reiter abwerfen6. umg ein Getränk runterkippenF v/i1. umga) hinunterrutschen (Speise)b) (gut) schmecken2. besonders US sl Beruhigungsmittel nehmendown2 [daʊn] s1. ORNa) Daunen pl, flaumiges Gefieder:dead down Raufdaunen;live down Nestdaunen;down quilt Daunendecke fb) Daune f, Flaumfeder f:in the down noch nicht flügge3. BOTa) feiner Flaumb) haarige Samenkrone, Pappus m4. weiche, flaumige Massedown3 [daʊn] s1. obsa) Hügel mb) Sandhügel m, besonders Düne fb) Reede an der Südostküste Englands, vor der Stadt Deal* * *I noun(Geog.) [baumloser] Höhenzug; in pl. Downs Pl. (an der Süd- und Südostküste Englands)II noun2) (hair) Flaum, derIII 1. adverb1) (to lower place, to downstairs, southwards) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich); (in lift) abwärts; (in crossword puzzle) senkrecht[right] down to something — [ganz] bis zu etwas her-/hinunter
go down to the shops/the end of the road — zu den Läden/zum Ende der Straße hinuntergehen
get down to Reading from London — von London nach Reading raus-/hinausfahren
come down from Edinburgh to London — von Edinburgh nach London [he]runterkommen
3) (of money): (at once) sofortpay for something cash down — etwas [in] bar bezahlen
4) (into prostration) nieder[fallen, -geschlagen werden]shout the place/house down — (fig.) schreien, dass die Wände zittern
put a meeting down for 2 p.m. — ein Treffen für od. auf 14 Uhr ansetzen
down with imperialism/the president! — nieder mit dem Imperialismus/dem Präsidenten!
8) (in lower place, downstairs, in fallen position, in south) untenlow/lower down — tief/tiefer unten
down there/here — da/hier unten
down in Wales/in the country — weit weg in Wales/draußen auf dem Lande
down south — unten im Süden (ugs.)
down south/east — (Amer.) in den Südstaaten/im Osten
down [on the floor] — (Boxing) am Boden; auf den Brettern
down and out — (Boxing) k. o.; (fig.) fertig (ugs.)
9) (prostrate) auf dem Fußboden/der Erde10) (on paper)be down in writing/on paper/in print — niedergeschrieben/zu Papier gebracht/gedruckt sein
11) (on programme) angesetzt [Termin, Treffen]12) (facing downwards, bowed) zu Bodenbe down — (brought to the ground) am Boden liegen
13) (in depression)down [in the mouth] — niedergeschlagen
14) (now cheaper) [jetzt] billiger15)be down to... — (have only... left) nichts mehr haben außer...
we're down to our last £100 — wir haben nur noch 100 Pfund
now it's down to him to do something — nun liegt es bei od. an ihm, etwas zu tun
17) (including lower limit)from... down to... — von... bis zu... hinunter
18) (in position of lagging or loss) wenigerbe three points/games down — mit drei Punkten/Spielen zurückliegen
2. prepositionbe down on one's luck — eine Pechsträhne haben. See also up 1.
1) (downwards along, from top to bottom of) runter (bes. ugs.); herunter/hinunter (bes. schriftsprachlich)fall down the stairs/steps — die Treppe/Stufen herunterstürzen
walk down the hill/road — den Hügel/die Straße heruntergehen
2) (downwards through) durchfall down a hole/ditch — in ein Loch/einen Graben fallen
4) (downwards over) über (+ Akk.)spill water all down one's skirt — sich (Dat.) Wasser über den Rock gießen
the tradition has continued down the ages — die Tradition ist von Generation zu Generation weitergegeben worden
6) (along)come down the street — die Straße herunter- od. entlangkommen
go down the pub/disco — (Brit. coll.) in die Kneipe/Disko gehen
7) (at or in a lower position in or on) [weiter] untenfurther down the ladder/coast — weiter unten auf der Leiter/an der Küste
8) (from top to bottom along) an (+ Dat.)9) (all over) überall auf (+ Dat.)I've got coffee [all] down my skirt — mein ganzer Rock ist voll Kaffee
10) (Brit. coll.): (in, at)3. adjectivedown the pub/café/town — in der Kneipe/im Café/in der Stadt
(directed downwards) nach unten führend [Rohr, Kabel]; [Rolltreppe] nach unten; nach unten gerichtet [Kolbenhub, Sog]; aus der Hauptstadt herausführend [Bahnlinie]4. transitive verb(coll.)1) (knock down) auf die Bretter schicken [Boxer]3)down tools — (cease work) zu arbeiten aufhören; (take a break) die Arbeit unterbrechen; (go on strike) die Arbeit niederlegen
4) (shoot down) abschießen, (ugs.) runterholen [Flugzeug]5. noun(coll.)•• Cultural note:have a down on somebody/something — jemanden/etwas auf dem Kieker haben (ugs.); see also up 4.
Der Name einer Straße in Westminster im Zentrum von London. Das Haus mit der Nummer 10 in der Downing Street ist der offizielle Sitz des Premierministers und das mit der Nummer 11 der des Finanzministers. Unter Journalisten ist der Ausdruck Downing Street oder Number 10 gebräuchlich, wenn vom Amtssitz des Premierministers die Rede ist* * *(fluff) n.Flaum nur sing. m. (feathers) n.Daune -n f. adj.abwärts adj.herab adj.herunter adj.hinab adj.hinunter adj.nieder adj.rückwärts adj.unten adj.zusammengebrochen (alt.Rechtschreibung) adj. -
3 down
I 1. adverb1) (towards or in a low or lower position, level or state: He climbed down to the bottom of the ladder.) para baixo2) (on or to the ground: The little boy fell down and cut his knee.) no chão3) (from earlier to later times: The recipe has been handed down in our family for years.) através do tempo4) (from a greater to a smaller size, amount etc: Prices have been going down steadily.) para baixo5) (towards or in a place thought of as being lower, especially southward or away from a centre: We went down from Glasgow to Bristol.) para o sul2. preposition1) (in a lower position on: Their house is halfway down the hill.) a descer2) (to a lower position on, by, through or along: Water poured down the drain.) para baixo3) (along: The teacher's gaze travelled slowly down the line of children.) ao longo de3. verb(to finish (a drink) very quickly, especially in one gulp: He downed a pint of beer.) emborcar- downward- downwards
- downward
- down-and-out
- down-at-heel
- downcast
- downfall
- downgrade
- downhearted
- downhill
- downhill racing
- downhill skiing
- down-in-the-mouth
- down payment
- downpour
- downright 4. adjectiveHe is a downright nuisance!) total- downstream
- down-to-earth
- downtown
- downtown
- down-trodden
- be/go down with
- down on one's luck
- down tools
- down with
- get down to
- suit someone down to the ground
- suit down to the ground II noun(small, soft feathers: a quilt filled with down.) penugem- downie®- downy* * *[daun] n 1 duna. 2 terreno elevado e colinoso coberto de relva no sul da Inglaterra, usado como pastagem, colinas perto do mar no norte e no sul da Inglaterra ( the Downs), enseada entre os promontórios no norte e no sul da Inglaterra. 3 penugem, penas, pêlos ou cabelos que primeiro nascem, buço, cotão, lanugem, frouxel. 4 qualquer substância fofa, macia ou felpuda. 5 pêlo nas cascas de plantas ou frutas. 6 movimento em declive, descida. 7 revés de fortuna (especialmente no plural). 8 sl desconfiança. • vt+vi coll abaixar, abater, sujeitar, derrubar, dominar, humilhar, descer, descender, engolir rapidamente. • adj 1 abatido, desanimado, descoroçoado, deprimido. I may be down but not out / nem tudo está perdido. 2 em estado ou condição inferior. 3 em declive. 4 doente, adoentado. he is down with the flu / ele tem gripe. 5 Amer terminado. 6 Comp fora do ar, inoperante. • adv 1 abaixo, para baixo, em descida, em declive. 2 em decadência. 3 em posição deitada no chão. 4 abaixo do horizonte. 5 no ponto inferior, ao mais baixo grau. 6 do norte ao sul. 7 de origem, propriedade ou época anterior. 8 a uma quantia inferior, a um preço reduzido. 9 em estado de sujeição, depressão, desgraça ou perigo. 10 efetivamente, realmente, com atenção, com aplicação. 11 por escrito, no papel, em preto no branco. 12 à vista, contra entrega. 13 Naut a sotavento. 14 seguindo a corrente. 15 em estado mais calmo, menos intenso. 16 em mau estado físico. • prep abaixo, para baixo, em declive, ao longo de, em direção inferior. • interj abaixo! deita! senta! the ups and downs at life as vicissitudes da vida. down and out totalmente desprovido, privado de recursos, arruinado, liquidado, vencido. down at heel maltrapilho, descuidado no traje. down for em uma lista de espera. down for Tuesday anunciado para terça-feira. down from town afastado da cidade. down in the country no campo, no interior. down in the mouth descoroçoado, desalentado, desanimado. down on zangado ou aborrecido com. down on one’s knees de joelhos. down on one’s luck necessitado de dinheiro, pronto. down the centuries no correr dos séculos. down the river pelo rio abaixo, seguindo a corrente. down the wind a sotavento. down to hell! vá para o inferno! down to the ground coll completamente. down with him! derriba-o! deita-o abaixo! he is down upon his luck ele está sem sorte. he was tracked down at last finalmente ele foi achado. the sun is down o sol se pôs. the thermometer is down by five degrees o termômetro desceu 5 graus. the wind is down cessou o vento. to bear down, to beat down Naut pôr-se a barlavento. to be down on ser severo, rude com alguém, tratar mal, falar rudemente a alguém. to bend down curvar-se. to calm down acalmar. to clean the house down limpar a casa toda. to come down vir abaixo, descer, fig baixar, abater-se, ceder, cair na miséria. to come down with cair de cama com. to down tools fazer greve. to fly down aterrissar, descer voando, voar para. to get down 1 apear, descer. 2 engolir, tragar alguma coisa. to get down to business ir ao que interessa, ir direto ao assunto. to get down to work trabalhar com afinco. to go down 1 afundar, soçobrar. 2 deixar a universidade para as férias ou no fim do trimestre. 3 baixar (o preço). 4 acalmar-se (o vento). to have a down on coll guardar rancor a. to hunt down = link=%20to%20ride%20down to ride down. to kneel down ajoelhar-se. to knock down atropelar. to let someone down 1 humilhar. 2 deixar ao desamparo, abandonar alguém. to lie down deitar-se. to pay cash down pagar à vista. to put a down on sl dar informações sobre, delatar, denunciar. to put down 1 depor. 2 assentar por escrito, notar, registrar. to ride down 1 alcançar perseguindo. 2 forçar, escaramuçar, atropelar. to send down expulsar ou suspender um estudante. to set down 1 assentar por escrito, notar. 2 mencionar, citar. 3 resolver. 4 registrar. to shout down fazer calar mediante gritos. to sit down sentar-se. to step down descer. to stoop down abaixar-se. to take down 1 assentar por escrito, notar, registrar. 2 pôr abaixo, deitar abaixo. to turn down the radio diminuir o volume do rádio. to write down assentar por escrito, notar, registrar. up and down aqui e acolá, de lá para cá, para baixo e para cima, por toda parte. upside down de cabeça para baixo, ao revés, às avessas. -
4 below
bə'ləu
1. preposition(lower in position, rank, standard etc than: She hurt her leg below the knee; His work is below standard.) debajo (de); por debajo
2. adverb(in a lower place: We looked at the houses (down) below.) de abajobelow1 adv abajowho lives on the floor below? ¿quién vive en el piso de abajo?below2 prep bajo / debajo de / por debajo detr[bɪ'ləʊ]1 debajo de, bajo2 por debajo (de)3 (lower than) bajo1 abajo2 de abajo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLbelow sea-level por debajo del nivel del marsee below véase abajothat was a bit below the belt fue un golpe bajobelow [bɪ'lo:] adv: abajobelow prep1) : abajo de, debajo debelow the window: debajo de la ventana2) : por debajo de, bajobelow average: por debajo del promedio5 degrees below zero: 5 grados bajo ceroadv.• abajo adv.• bajo adv.• debajo adv.• debajo de adv.prep.• debajo de prep.• inferior a prep.
I bɪ'ləʊ1) ( under) debajo de, abajo de (AmL)the room directly below this one — la habitación justo debajo or (AmL tb) abajo de ésta
500m below the surface — a 500m bajo la superficie or por debajo de la superficie
2) (inferior, junior to) por debajo de3) ( less than) por debajo debelow average — inferior a or por debajo de la media
if you earn below $15,000 a year — si ganas menos de 15.000 dólares al año
II
1) ( underneath) abajodown below we could see... — abajo veíamos...
2) ( in text) más abajo3) ( of temperature)[bɪ'lǝʊ] When below is an element in a phrasal verb, eg go below, look up the verb.1. PREP1) (=under) debajo de, bajobelow the bed — debajo de la cama, bajo la cama
their readership has dropped to below 18,000 — el número de lectores que tenían ha descendido por debajo de los 18.000
•
below average — inferior al promedio, inferior a or por debajo de la media•
below freezing (point) — bajo cero•
below the surface — por debajo de la superficie, bajo la superficie2) (Geog) (=downstream of) más abajo de2. ADV1) (=beneath) abajobelow, we could see the valley — abajo podíamos ver el valle
decisions occur at departmental level or below — las decisiones se toman a nivel de departamento o a un nivel inferior
•
down below — abajo•
far below — mucho más abajo•
from below — desde abajo•
immediately below — justamente debajo3) (Naut) (also: below deck) abajo•
to go below — bajar* * *
I [bɪ'ləʊ]1) ( under) debajo de, abajo de (AmL)the room directly below this one — la habitación justo debajo or (AmL tb) abajo de ésta
500m below the surface — a 500m bajo la superficie or por debajo de la superficie
2) (inferior, junior to) por debajo de3) ( less than) por debajo debelow average — inferior a or por debajo de la media
if you earn below $15,000 a year — si ganas menos de 15.000 dólares al año
II
1) ( underneath) abajodown below we could see... — abajo veíamos...
2) ( in text) más abajo3) ( of temperature) -
5 up
I [ʌp]1) (high)up to o in Scotland (su) in Scozia; up North (su) a Nord; four floors up from here quattro piani più su; I live two floors up abito due piani di sopra; on the second shelf up sul secondo scaffale dal basso; I'm on my way up sto salendo; all the way up — fino in cima
2) (ahead) avantito be four points up (on sb.) — avere quattro punti di vantaggio (su qcn.)
he's 40-15 up — (in tennis) è in vantaggio per 40-15
3) (upwards)4) (at, to high status)to be up with o among the best essere tra i migliori; up the workers! — viva i lavoratori!
5) up above sopra; relig. lassùup above sth. — sopra qcs
6) up againstto be o come up against opposition fig. incontrare resistenza; they're up against a very strong team devono affrontare una squadra molto forte; it helps to know what you are up against aiuta sapere con che cosa hai a che fare; we're really up against it — siamo alle prese con un bel problema
7) up for8) up to fino aup to 5 people, 8 dollars — fino a 5 persone, 8 dollari
reductions of up to 50% — sconti fino al 50%
I'm not up to it — (not capable) non sono in grado di farlo; (not well enough) non me la sento di farlo
it's up to him to do — (expressing responsibility) spetta o sta a lui fare
"shall I leave?" - "it's up to you!" — "devo andare via?" - "vedi un po' tu!"
9) up and downII [ʌp]to walk o pace up and down (to and fro) fare o andare su e giù; he's a bit up and down at the moment — (depressed) ultimamente è un po' giù di corda; (ill) in questo periodo sta poco bene
1) (at, to higher level)he was walking up and down the garden — stava camminando su e giù per il giardino; (throughout)
••••up yours! — pop. fottiti!
Note:Up appears frequently in English as the second element of phrasal verbs ( get up, pick up etc.): for translations, consult the appropriate verb entry ( get, pick etc.)III [ʌp]1) (out of bed)2) (higher in amount, level)production is up (by) 5% — la produzione è aumentata del 5%
prices are 6% up on last year — i prezzi sono aumentati del 6% rispetto all'anno scorso
3) colloq. (wrong)4) (erected, affixed)5) (open)6) (finished)"time's up!" — "tempo scaduto!"
it's all up with him — colloq. ormai è spacciato
"this side up" — (on parcel, box) "alto"
8) (rising)his blood's up — fig. gli è andato il sangue alla testa
9) (pinned up)10) (cheerful)11) (being repaired)"road up" — "lavori in corso"
13) (on trial)14) (in tennis, badminton)15) up and about (out of bed) in piedi, alzato; (after illness)16) up and runningto be up and running — [company, project] bene avviato; [ system] pienamente funzionante
to get sth. up and running — fare funzionare qcs
••IV [ʌp]to be (well) up on — essere ferrato in [art, history]; essere aggiornato su [news, developments]
••the company is on the up and up — BE la ditta sta andando a gonfie vele
V 1. [ʌp] 2.to be one up on sb. — avere vantaggio su qcn
* * *(to become covered (as if) with mist: The mirror misted over; The windscreen misted up.) appannarsi, annebbiarsi* * *I [ʌp]1) (high)up to o in Scotland (su) in Scozia; up North (su) a Nord; four floors up from here quattro piani più su; I live two floors up abito due piani di sopra; on the second shelf up sul secondo scaffale dal basso; I'm on my way up sto salendo; all the way up — fino in cima
2) (ahead) avantito be four points up (on sb.) — avere quattro punti di vantaggio (su qcn.)
he's 40-15 up — (in tennis) è in vantaggio per 40-15
3) (upwards)4) (at, to high status)to be up with o among the best essere tra i migliori; up the workers! — viva i lavoratori!
5) up above sopra; relig. lassùup above sth. — sopra qcs
6) up againstto be o come up against opposition fig. incontrare resistenza; they're up against a very strong team devono affrontare una squadra molto forte; it helps to know what you are up against aiuta sapere con che cosa hai a che fare; we're really up against it — siamo alle prese con un bel problema
7) up for8) up to fino aup to 5 people, 8 dollars — fino a 5 persone, 8 dollari
reductions of up to 50% — sconti fino al 50%
I'm not up to it — (not capable) non sono in grado di farlo; (not well enough) non me la sento di farlo
it's up to him to do — (expressing responsibility) spetta o sta a lui fare
"shall I leave?" - "it's up to you!" — "devo andare via?" - "vedi un po' tu!"
9) up and downII [ʌp]to walk o pace up and down (to and fro) fare o andare su e giù; he's a bit up and down at the moment — (depressed) ultimamente è un po' giù di corda; (ill) in questo periodo sta poco bene
1) (at, to higher level)he was walking up and down the garden — stava camminando su e giù per il giardino; (throughout)
••••up yours! — pop. fottiti!
Note:Up appears frequently in English as the second element of phrasal verbs ( get up, pick up etc.): for translations, consult the appropriate verb entry ( get, pick etc.)III [ʌp]1) (out of bed)2) (higher in amount, level)production is up (by) 5% — la produzione è aumentata del 5%
prices are 6% up on last year — i prezzi sono aumentati del 6% rispetto all'anno scorso
3) colloq. (wrong)4) (erected, affixed)5) (open)6) (finished)"time's up!" — "tempo scaduto!"
it's all up with him — colloq. ormai è spacciato
"this side up" — (on parcel, box) "alto"
8) (rising)his blood's up — fig. gli è andato il sangue alla testa
9) (pinned up)10) (cheerful)11) (being repaired)"road up" — "lavori in corso"
13) (on trial)14) (in tennis, badminton)15) up and about (out of bed) in piedi, alzato; (after illness)16) up and runningto be up and running — [company, project] bene avviato; [ system] pienamente funzionante
to get sth. up and running — fare funzionare qcs
••IV [ʌp]to be (well) up on — essere ferrato in [art, history]; essere aggiornato su [news, developments]
••the company is on the up and up — BE la ditta sta andando a gonfie vele
V 1. [ʌp] 2.to be one up on sb. — avere vantaggio su qcn
-
6 below
1. adverbfrom below — von unten [herauf]
2) (direction) nach unten; hinunter; hinab (geh.)below left — links unten; unten links
3) (later in text) untensee [p. 123] below — siehe unten[, S. 123]
go below — (Naut.) unter Deck gehen
2. prepositionthe flat/floor below — die Wohnung/das Stockwerk darunter od. unter uns/ihnen usw
1) (position) unter (+ Dat.); unterhalb (+ Gen.); (downstream from) unterhalb (+ Gen.)2) (direction) unter (+ Akk.)3) (ranking lower than) unter (+ Dat.)* * *[bə'ləu] 1. preposition(lower in position, rank, standard etc than: She hurt her leg below the knee; His work is below standard.) unter2. adverb* * *be·low[bɪˈləʊ, AM -ˈloʊ]I. advthe flat \below die Wohnung unter uns/ihnen etc.on the floor \below eine Etage tieferI listened to the voices \below ich horchte auf die Stimmen, die von unten heraufklangendown \below NAUT unter Deckthe fiends of \below ( liter) die bösen Geister der Hölle [o Unterwelt]2. (on page) untenthe information \below is strictly confidential die nachstehenden Hinweise sind streng vertraulich\below left/right unten links/rechts, links/rechts untensee \below siehe unten3. (inferior)an officer \below ein Rangniederer m, ein rangniederer Offizier4. temperature5°/10° \below 5/10 Grad minus [o unter NullII. prepthe sun had sunk \below the horizon die Sonne war hinter dem Horizont versunkenWashington D.C. is \below New York Washington D.C. liegt unterhalb von New York10° \below zero 10° unter Nullthey spoke \below a whisper sie flüsterten leise5. rank▪ to be \below sb unter jdm stehen6. (unworthy)to marry \below oneself unterhalb seines Standes heiratento sink \below oneself unter seine Würde sinken▪ to be \below sb unter jds Würde sein* * *[bɪ'ləʊ]1. prepher skirt comes well below her knees or the knee — ihr Rock geht bis weit unters Knie
Naples is below Rome (on the map) — Neapel liegt unterhalb Roms
2) (= downstream from) unterhalb (+gen), nach3)(= unworthy of)
or is that below you? — oder ist das unter Ihrer Würde?2. adv1) (= lower down) untenthe tenants/apartment below — die Mieter/die Wohnung darunter; (below us) die Mieter/Wohnung unter uns
write the name here with the address below — schreiben Sie den Namen hierher und die Adresse darunter
in the class below — in der Klasse darunter; (below me)
what's the next rank below? — was ist der nächstniedere Rang?
3) (in documents) (weiter) unten4)5)* * *below [bıˈləʊ]A adv1. unten, SCHIFF unter Deck:as stated below wie unten aufgeführt oder angegeben;a few houses below ein paar Häuser weiter unten2. hinunter…, hinab…, nach unten, SCHIFF unter Deck4. obs in der Hölle5. darunter:the court below JUR die Vorinstanz;the judge below der Richter der Vorinstanz;the rank below der nächstniedere RangB präp unter (dat oder akk), unterhalb (gen):below sb unter jemandes Rang, Würde etc;children below the age of six Kinder unter sechs Jahren* * *1. adverbfrom below — von unten [herauf]
2) (direction) nach unten; hinunter; hinab (geh.)below left — links unten; unten links
3) (later in text) untensee [p. 123] below — siehe unten[, S. 123]
go below — (Naut.) unter Deck gehen
2. prepositionthe flat/floor below — die Wohnung/das Stockwerk darunter od. unter uns/ihnen usw
1) (position) unter (+ Dat.); unterhalb (+ Gen.); (downstream from) unterhalb (+ Gen.)2) (direction) unter (+ Akk.)3) (ranking lower than) unter (+ Dat.)* * *adv.unten adv.unter adv.unterhalb adv. -
7 scale
I noun1) (of fish, reptile) Schuppe, dieII nounscale[s] — Waage, die
a pair or set of scales — eine Waage
bathroom/kitchen scale[s] — Personen-/Küchenwaage, die
the scales are evenly balanced — (fig.) die Chancen sind ausgewogen
2) (dish of balance) Waagschale, dieIII 1. nountip or turn the scale[s] — (fig.) den Ausschlag geben
1) (series of degrees) Skala, die2) (Mus.) Tonleiter, die3) (dimensions) Ausmaß, dason a grand scale — im großen Stil
plan on a large scale — in großem Rahmen planen
on an international scale — auf internationaler Ebene; [Katastrophe] von internationalem Außmaß
4) (ratio of reduction) Maßstab, der; attrib. maßstab[s]gerecht [Modell, Zeichnung]a map with a scale of 1: 250,000 — eine Karte im Maßstab 1: 250 000
to scale — maßstab[s]gerecht
be out of scale — im Maßstab nicht passen ( with zu)
5) (indication) (on map, plan) Maßstab, der; (on thermometer, ruler, exposure meter) [Anzeige]skala, die; (instrument) Messstab, der2. transitive verb1) (climb, clamber up) ersteigen [Festung, Mauer, Leiter, Gipfel]; erklettern [Felswand, Leiter, Gipfel]2) [ab]stufen, staffeln [Fahrpreise]; maßstab[s]gerecht anfertigen [Zeichnung]scale production to demand — die Produktion an die Nachfrage anpassen
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/91220/scale_down">scale down- scale up* * *I [skeil] noun1) (a set of regularly spaced marks made on something (eg a thermometer or a ruler) for use as a measure; a system of numbers, measurement etc: This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and one in Centigrade.) die Skala2) (a series or system of items of increasing or decreasing size, value etc: a wage/salary scale.) der Tarif3) (in music, a group of notes going up or down in order: The boy practised his scales on the piano.) die Tonleiter4) (the size of measurements on a map etc compared with the real size of the country etc shown by it: In a map drawn to the scale 1:50,000, one centimetre represents half a kilometre.) der Maßstab5) (the size of an activity: These guns are being manufactured on a large scale.) der UmfangII [skeil] verb III [skeil] noun(any of the small thin plates or flakes that cover the skin of fishes, reptiles etc: A herring's scales are silver in colour.) die Schuppe- scaly* * *scale1[skeɪl]I. n4.II. vt1. (remove scales)to \scale a fish einen Fisch abschuppen2. (remove tartar)to \scale teeth Zahnstein entfernenscale2[skeɪl]nbathroom/kitchen/letter \scale Personen-/Küchen-/Briefwaage fa pair of \scales ( form) eine [Balken]waagehe tipped the \scale at 210 pounds er wog 210 Pfundto tip the \scales ( fig) den [entscheidenden] Ausschlag geben2. ASTROL3.▶ to throw sth into the \scale etw in die Waagschale werfenscale3[skeɪl]I. nhow would you rate his work on a \scale of 1 to 5? wie würden Sie seine Arbeit auf einer Skala von 1 bis 5 beurteilen?\scale of charges Taxe f\scale of fees Gebührenstaffel f\scale division Skalenteilung f\scale of values Wert[e]skala fa sliding \scale ECON eine Gleitskalaremuneration is on a sliding \scale die Bezahlung ist gestaffelt2. no plto build/draw sth to \scale etw maßstab[s]getreu [o maßstab[s]gerecht] bauen/zeichnenon a national \scale auf nationaler Ebeneon a large/small \scale im großen/kleinen Rahmenadvantages of \scale ECON bedeutende Vorteileto play/practise \scales Tonleitern spielen/übenII. vt▪ to \scale sthto \scale a fence auf einen Zaun kletternto \scale a mountain einen Berg besteigen; ( fig)she has already \scaled the heights of her profession sie hat bereits den Höhepunkt ihrer Karriere erreicht* * *I [skeɪl]1. n(of fish, snake, skin) Schuppe f; (of rust) Flocke f; (of paint) Plättchen nt; (= kettle scale) Kesselstein m no pl2. vt2)3. visich schuppen; (paint, rust) abblättern II1. nscale-pan — Waagschale f
2. viwiegen IIIn1) Skala f; (on thermometer etc) Skala f, Gradeinteilung f; (on ruler) (Maß)einteilung f; (fig) Leiter f; (= social scale) Stufenleiter f; (= list, table) Tabelle fscale of charges — Gebührenordnung f, Tarife
he ranks at the top of the scale of contemporary violinists — er steht an der Spitze der zeitgenössischen Geiger
2) (= instrument) Messgerät nt4) (of map etc) Maßstab mwhat is the scale? — welchen Maßstab hat es?, in welchem Maßstab ist es?
(drawn/true) to scale — maßstabgerecht
5) (fig: size, extent) Umfang m, Ausmaß ntto entertain on a large/small scale — Feste im größeren/im kleineren Rahmen geben
large stores buy on a different scale from small ones — große Kaufhäuser kaufen in ganz anderen Mengen als kleine Geschäfte
inflation on an unprecedented scale —
small/large in scale — von kleinem/großem Umfang
IVit's similar but on a smaller scale — es ist ähnlich, nur kleiner
vtmountain, wall erklettern* * *scale1 [skeıl]A s1. ZOOL Schuppe f, koll Schuppen pl2. MED Schuppe f:come off in scales → C 1;the scales fell from my eyes fig es fiel mir wie Schuppen von den Augen;remove the scales from sb’s eyes fig jemandem die Augen öffnen3. BOTa) Schuppenblatt nb) (Erbsen- etc) Hülse f, Schale f5. ZOOL Schildlaus f6. Ablagerung f, besondersa) Kesselstein mb) MED Zahnstein m:form scale → C 27. auch pl METALL Zunder m: → iron scaleB v/ta) einen Fisch (ab)schuppen,b) eine Schicht etc ablösen, (ab)schälen, (ab)häuten:scale almonds Mandeln schälen2. a) abklopfen, den Kesselstein entfernen ausb) Zähne vom Zahnstein befreien4. METALL ausglühenC v/i2. Kessel- oder Zahnstein ansetzenscale2 [skeıl]A s1. Waagschale f (auch fig):hold the scales even gerecht urteilen;weight the scales in sb’s favo(u)r jemandem einen (unerlaubten) Vorteil verschaffen2. meist pl Waage f:a pair of scales eine Waage;go to scale at 120 lbs 120 Pfund wiegen oder auf die Waage bringenB v/t1. wiegenC v/i SPORT gewogen werden:scale3 [skeıl]A s1. a) Stufenleiter f, Staff(e)lung fb) Skala f, Tarif m:scale of fees Gebührenordnung f;scale of salaries Gehaltsstaffelung;scale of wages Lohnskala, -tabelle f2. Stufe f (auf einer Skala, Stufenleiter etc, auch fig):sink in the scale im Niveau sinken3. PHYS, TECH Skala f:scale division Gradeinteilung f;scale line Teilstrich m einer Skala4. GEOG, MATH, TECHa) Maßstab(sangabe) m(f)b) logarithmischer Rechenstab:out of scale nicht maßstab(s)getreu oder -gerecht;at a scale of 1 inch to 1 mile im Maßstab 1 Inch:1 Meile;drawn to a scale of 1:5 im Maßstab 1:5 gezeichnet;5. fig Maßstab m, Größenordnung f, Umfang m:on a large scale in großem Umfang, großen Stils;on a modest scale bescheiden, in bescheidenem Rahmen6. MATH (numerische) Zahlenreihe7. MUSa) Tonleiter f, Skala fb) Tonumfang m (eines Instruments)c) (Orgelpfeifen)Mensur f:8. SCHULE, PSYCH Test(stufen)reihe fbuy on a scale seine Käufe über eine Baisseperiode verteilen;sell on a scale seine Verkäufe über eine Hausseperiode verteilento zu)B v/t1. erklettern, ersteigen, erklimmen (auch fig)2. GEOG, MATH, TECHa) maßstab(s)getreu zeichnen:scale off a length MATH eine Strecke abtragenb) maßstäblich ändern:scale down (up) maßstab(s)gerecht oder maßstäblich verkleinern (vergrößern)3. TECH mit einer Teilung versehen4. einstufen:scale down Löhne, Forderungen etc herunterschrauben;scale up Preise etc hochschraubenC v/i (auf einer Skala) klettern (auch fig), steigen:scale down fallen;scale up steigen, in die Höhe kletternsc. abk1. scale2. scene3. science4. scientific5. scilicet, namely näml.* * *I noun1) (of fish, reptile) Schuppe, dieII noun1) in sing. or pl. (weighing instrument)scale[s] — Waage, die
a pair or set of scales — eine Waage
bathroom/kitchen scale[s] — Personen-/Küchenwaage, die
the scales are evenly balanced — (fig.) die Chancen sind ausgewogen
2) (dish of balance) Waagschale, dieIII 1. nountip or turn the scale[s] — (fig.) den Ausschlag geben
1) (series of degrees) Skala, die2) (Mus.) Tonleiter, die3) (dimensions) Ausmaß, dason an international scale — auf internationaler Ebene; [Katastrophe] von internationalem Außmaß
4) (ratio of reduction) Maßstab, der; attrib. maßstab[s]gerecht [Modell, Zeichnung]a map with a scale of 1: 250,000 — eine Karte im Maßstab 1: 250 000
to scale — maßstab[s]gerecht
5) (indication) (on map, plan) Maßstab, der; (on thermometer, ruler, exposure meter) [Anzeige]skala, die; (instrument) Messstab, der2. transitive verb1) (climb, clamber up) ersteigen [Festung, Mauer, Leiter, Gipfel]; erklettern [Felswand, Leiter, Gipfel]2) [ab]stufen, staffeln [Fahrpreise]; maßstab[s]gerecht anfertigen [Zeichnung]Phrasal Verbs:- scale up* * *(music) n.Tonleiter m. n.Kesselstein m.Maßstab -¨e m.Skala Skalen f.Skalierung f. v.erklettern v.ersteigen v. -
8 bajo
Del verbo bajar: ( conjugate bajar) \ \
bajo es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
bajó es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativoMultiple Entries: bajar bajo
bajar ( conjugate bajar) verbo intransitivo 1 ( acercándose) to come down;◊ bajo por las escaleras to go/come down the stairs;ya bajo I'll be right down ‹ de coche› to get out of sth; ‹de caballo/bicicleta› to get off sth 2 [ hinchazón] to go down; [ temperatura] to fall, drop [ calidad] to deteriorate; [ popularidad] to diminish; verbo transitivo 1 ‹escalera/cuesta› to go down 2 ‹brazo/mano› to put down, lower 3a) bajo algo (de algo) ‹de armario/estante› to get sth down (from sth);‹ del piso de arriba› ( traer) to bring sth down (from sth); ( llevar) to take sth down (to sth) 4 ‹ ventanilla› to open 5 ‹ precio› to lower; ‹ fiebre› to bring down; ‹ volumen› to turn down; ‹ voz› to lower bajarse verbo pronominal 1 ( apearse) bajose de algo ‹de tren/autobús› to get off sth; ‹ de coche› to get out of sth; ‹de caballo/bicicleta› to get off sth; ‹de pared/árbol› to get down off sth 2 ‹ pantalones› to take down; ‹ falda› to pull down
bajo 1
◊ -ja adjetivo1 [ser] ‹ persona› short 2 ‹ tierras› low-lying están bajos de moral their morale is low; está bajo de defensas his defenses are low 3 bajo en calorías low-calorie; de baja calidad poor-quality 4 ( grave) ‹tono/voz› deep, low 5 ( vil) ‹acción/instinto› low, base;
bajo 2 adverbio◊ ¡habla más bajo! keep your voice down!■ sustantivo masculino 1b)◊ los bajos (CS) the first (AmE) o (BrE) ground floor2 ( contrabajo) (double) bass ■ preposición under; tres grados bajo cero three degrees below zero; bajo juramento under oath
bajar
I verbo transitivo
1 (descender) to come o go down: bajé corriendo la cuesta, I ran downhill ➣ Ver nota en ir 2 (llevar algo abajo) to bring o get o take down: baja los disfraces del trastero, bring the costumes down from the attic
3 (un telón) to lower (una persiana) to let down (la cabeza) to bow o lower
4 (reducir el volumen) to turn down (la voz) to lower
5 (los precios, etc) to reduce, cut
6 (ropa, dobladillo) tengo que bajar el vestido, I've got to let the hem down
7 Mús tienes que bajar un tono, you've got to go down a tone
II verbo intransitivo
1 to go o come down: bajamos al bar, we went down to the bar
2 (apearse de un tren, un autobús) to get off (de un coche) to get out [de, of]: tienes que bajarte en la siguiente parada, you've got to get off at the next stop
3 (disminuir la temperatura, los precios) to fall, drop: ha bajado su cotización en la bolsa, its share prices have dropped in the stock exchange
bajo,-a
I adjetivo
1 low
2 (de poca estatura) short: es muy bajo para jugar al baloncesto, he's a bit too short to play basketball
3 (poco intenso) faint, soft: en este local la música está baja, the music isn't very loud here
4 (escaso) poor: su nivel es muy bajo, his level is very low
este queso es bajo en calorías, this cheese is low in calories
5 Mús low
6 fig (mezquino, vil, ruin) base, despicable: tiene muy bajos instintos, he's absolutely contemptible
bajos fondos, the underworld
la clase baja, the lower class
II adverbio low: habla bajo, por favor, please speak quietly
por lo b., (a sus espaldas, disimuladamente) on the sly: con Pedro es muy amable, pero por lo bajo echa pestes de él, she's very nice to Pedro, but she's always slagging him off behind his back (como mínimo) at least: ese libro cuesta cinco mil pesetas tirando por lo bajo, that book costs at least five thousand pesetas
III sustantivo masculino
1 Mús (instrumento, cantante, instrumentista) bass
2 (de un edificio) ground floor
3 (de una prenda) hem
IV mpl Mec underneath: las piedras del camino le rozaron los bajos del coche, we scratched the bottom of the car against the stones on the road
V preposición
1 (lugar) under, underneath
bajo techo, under shelter
bajo tierra, underground
bajo la tormenta, in the storm
2 Pol Hist under
bajo la dictadura, under the dictatorship 3 bajo cero, (temperatura) below zero
4 Jur under
bajo fianza, on bail
bajo juramento, under oath
bajo multa de cien mil pesetas, subject to a fine of one hundred thousand pesetas
bajo ningún concepto, under no circumstances
firmó la declaración bajo presión, she signed the declaration under pressure La traducción más común del adjetivo es low. Sin embargo, recuerda que cuando quieres describir a una persona debes usar la palabra short: Es muy bajo para su edad. He's very short for his age.
' bajo' also found in these entries: Spanish: auspicio - baja - caer - calificar - caloría - circunstancia - concepto - confiar - control - cuerda - dominación - fianza - fiebre - guardia - hundida - hundido - imperio - ínfima - ínfimo - insolación - juramento - libertad - llave - manía - ministerio - monte - murmurar - par - pretexto - próxima - próximo - rescoldo - ropa - sarro - so - tapón - techo - tierra - tono - vigilancia - a - abrasar - anestesia - arresto - ático - bajar - bajío - chato - chico - coacción English: account - aloud - auspice - bail - bass - bass guitar - below - beneath - body - bottom - clampdown - complaint - conceal - condition - content - control - cover - cuff - custody - depressed - distraught - down - drunk driving - DUI - escrow - feel - floodlight - foresight - freezing - ground - gun - hand - honour - hurtle - in - keep down - lock away - low - low-alcohol - low-budget - low-calorie - low-cost - lower - Lower Egypt - lowest - microscope - minus - oath - observation - off -
9 up
(to become covered (as if) with mist: The mirror misted over; The windscreen misted up.) cubrirse, empañarseup1 adv1. arriba2. levantado3.4. más alto / más caroup to / up until hastawhat are you three up to? vosotros tres, ¿qué estáis tramando?to feel up to something sentirse capaz de algo / sentirse con fuerzas para algodo you feel up to going to work? ¿te sientes con fuerzas para ir a trabajar?what's up? ¿qué pasa? / ¿qué ocurre?up2 prep1.2. porup and down de arriba para abajo / de un lado a otrouptr[ʌp]1 (upwards) hacia arriba, arriba2 (out of bed) levantado,-a3 (sun, moon)4 (roadworks) levantado,-a, en obras■ 'Road up' "Carretera en obras"5 (towards) hacia■ he came up and... se acercó y...6 (northwards) hacia el norte7 (totally finished) acabado,-a■ eat it up acábatelo, cómetelo todo8 (into pieces) a trozos, a porciones, a raciones2 (position) en lo alto de1 subir, aumentar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLit's not up to much familiar no vale gran cosait's up to you familiar es cosa tuyato be on the up and up familiar ir cada vez mejorto be up in arms estar en pie de guerra■ the people are up in arms about the new taxes la gente está en pie de guerra por los nuevos impuestosto be up to something (doing something) estar haciendo algo; (secretively) estar tramando algo 2 (equal to) estar a la altura de algo; (strong enough for) sentirse con fuerzas de hacer algo■ are you up to going to work? ¿te sientes con fuerzas de ir a trabajar?to up and go familiar coger e irseup to hastaup yours! taboo ¡métetelo por el culo!well up in something saber mucho de algowhat's up? familiar ¿qué pasa?ups and downs altibajos nombre masculino pluralincrease: aumentar, subirthey upped the prices: aumentaron los preciosup vito up and : agarrar y famshe up and left: agarró y se fueup adv1) above: arriba, en lo altoup in the mountains: arriba en las montañas2) upwards: hacia arribapush it up: empújalo hacia arribathe sun came up: el sol salióprices went up: los precios subieronto sit up: ponerse derechothey got up late: se levantaron tardeI stayed up all night: pasé toda la noche sin dormirto speak up: hablar más fuertethe climate up north: el clima del norteI'm going up to Canada: voy para Canadáthe book turned up: el libro aparecióshe brought the matter up: mencionó el asunto8) completely: completamenteeat it up: cómetelo todo9) : en pedazoshe tore it up: lo rompió en pedazosthe car pulled up to the curb: el carro paró al borde de la acerathe game was 10 up: empataron a 10up adjthe sun is up: ha salido el solprices are up: los precios han aumentadothe river is up: las aguas están altas3) : despierto, levantadoup all night: despierto toda la noche4) built: construidothe house is up: la casa está construida5) open: abiertothe windows are up: las ventanas están abiertasthe up staircase: la escalera para subir7) abreast: enterado, al día, al corrienteto be up on the news: estar al corriente de las noticias8) prepared: preparadowe were up for the test: estuvimos preparados para el examen9) finished: terminado, acabadotime is up: se ha terminado el tiempo permitidoto be up : pasarwhat's up?: ¿qué pasa?up prep1) (to, toward, or at a higher point of)he went up the stairs: subió la escalerato go up the river: ir río arriba3) along: a lo largo, porup the coast: a lo largo de la costajust up the way: un poco más adelanteup and down the city: por toda la ciudadupadj.• alto, -a adj.• elevado, -a adj.adv.• alto adv.• arriba adv.• hacia arriba adv.interj.• upa interj.n.• prosperidad s.f.• subida s.f.prep.• arriba de prep.
I ʌp1) adverb2)a) ( in upward direction)up a bit... left a bit — un poco más arriba... un poco a la izquierda
up United! — (BrE) arriba el United!
b) ( upstairs)3)a) ( of position) arribaup here/there — aquí/allí arriba
b) (upstairs, on upper floor)c) (raised, pointing upward)with the lid/blinds up — con la tapa levantada/las persianas levantadas or subidas
d) ( removed)I had the floorboards up — había quitado or levantado las tablas del suelo
4)a) ( upright)b) ( out of bed)she's up and about again — (colloq) está dando guerra otra vez (fam)
5)a) (of numbers, volume, intensity)prices are 5% up o up (by) 5% on last month — los precios han aumentado un 5% con respecto al mes pasado
from $25/the age of 11 up — a partir de 25 dólares/de los 11 años
b) (in league, table, hierarchy)6)a) ( in or toward north)b) ( at or to another place)to go up to town — (esp BrE) ir* a la ciudad (or a Londres etc)
7) (in position, erected)is the tent up? — ¿ya han armado la tienda or (AmL) la carpa?
the pictures/shelves are up — los cuadros/estantes están colocados or puestos
8) ( going on) (colloq)what's up with you? — ¿a ti qué te pasa?
what's up? — (what's the matter?) ¿qué pasa?; ( as greeting) (AmE) ¿qué hay? (colloq), ¿qué onda? (AmL arg), ¿qué hubo or quiubo? (Chi, Col, Méx, Ven fam)
9) ( finished)10) ( Sport)a) ( ahead in competition)to be one up on somebody — tener* una ventaja sobre algn
b) ( for each side) (AmE)11) ( under consideration)she will be up before the board/judge — comparecerá ante la junta/el juez
12) (in phrases)a) ( next to) contrab) ( confronted by)to be up against it — estar* contra las cuerdas
13) up and downa) ( vertically)to jump up and down — dar* saltos
b) ( back and forth) de arriba abajoc) ( of mood)14)up for — ( subject to)
the motion up for debate today — la moción que sale hoy a debate or se debate hoy
15)up on — ( knowledgeable) (pred)
how well up are you on what's been happening? — ¿cuánto sabes or qué tan enterado estás de lo que ha estado sucediendo?
16)up till o until — hasta
17) up to18) (as far as, as much as) hastaup to here/now/a certain point — hasta aquí/ahora/cierto punto
19)a) ( equal to)it isn't up to the usual standard — no es del alto nivel al que estamos acostumbrados; come up to b)
b) ( capable of)she's not up to the job — no tiene las condiciones necesarias para el trabajo, no puede con el trabajo (fam)
do you feel up to going out? — ¿te sientes con fuerzas/ánimos (como) para salir?
my spelling is not up to much — (BrE) mi ortografía deja bastante que desear
20) ( depending on)that's entirely up to you — eso, como tú quieras
it's not up to me to decide — no me corresponde a mí decidir, no soy yo quien tiene que decidir
21)to be up to something — (colloq)
I'm sure they're up to something — ( planning) estoy segura de que algo están tramando or algo se traen entre manos; ( doing) estoy segura de que algo (or alguna travesura etc) están haciendo
what have you been up to lately? — ¿en qué has andado últimamente?
II
1)a) ( in upward direction)to go up the stairs/hill — subir la escalera/colina
b) ( at higher level)2)a) ( along)to go/come up the river — ir*/venir* por el río
b) ( further along)it's just up the road — está un poco más allá or adelante
III
1) (before n) ( going upward)2) ( elated) (AmE colloq) (pred)I feel really up at the moment — me siento como en las nubes
IV
1.
- pp- transitive verb (colloq) \<\<price/costs\>\> aumentar, subir; <bid/offer> aumentar, superar
2.
up vito up and go — agarrar or (esp Esp) coger* e irse*
V
[ʌp] When up is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg come up, throw up, walk up, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg the way up, close up, look up the other word.to be on the up and up — (colloq) ( honest) (AmE) \<\<businessman/salesperson\>\> ser* de buena ley, ser* de fiar; ( succeeding) (BrE) \<\<business/company\>\> marchar or ir* cada vez mejor, estar* en alza
1. ADVERB1) (direction) hacia arriba, para arribahe looked up — (towards sky) miró hacia or para arriba
•
to stop halfway up — pararse a mitad de la subida•
to throw sth up in the air — lanzar algo al aire•
he walked/ran up to the house — caminó/corrió hasta la casa2) (position)•
up above (us) we could see a ledge — por encima (de nosotros) or sobre nuestras cabezas podíamos ver una cornisa•
my office is five floors up — mi oficina está en el quinto piso•
higher up — más arriba•
up in the mountains — montaña arriba•
the jug's up there, on the freezer — la jarra está ahí arriba, en el congeladorthe castle's up there, on top of the hill — el castillo está allí arriba, en la cima del monte
3) (in northern place, capital etc)•
how long have you lived up here? — ¿cuánto tiempo llevas viviendo aquí?•
he lives up in Scotland — vive en Escocia•
how long did you live up there? — ¿cuánto tiempo estuviste viviendo allí or allá?•
to go up to London/to university — ir a Londres/a la universidad4) (=standing) de piewhile you're up, can you get me a glass of water? — ya que estás de pie, ¿me puedes traer un vaso de agua?
the ladder was up against the wall — la escalera estaba apoyada en or contra la pared
5) (=out of bed)to be up — (=get up) levantarse; (=be active) estar levantado
what time will you be up — ¿a qué hora te levantarás?
is Peter up yet? — ¿está levantado Peter?
we were still up at midnight — a medianoche seguíamos sin acostarnos, a medianoche todavía estábamos levantados
•
she was up and about at 6 a.m. — lleva en pie desde las 6 de la mañanato be up and about again — [sick person] estar repuesto
•
to be up all night — no acostarse en toda la noche•
get up! — ¡levántate!6) (=raised)with his head up (high) — con la cabeza bien levantada or erguida
the blinds were up — las persianas estaban subidas or levantadas
look, the flag is up! — mira, la bandera está izada
7) (in price, value)•
the interest rate has risen sharply, up from 3% to 5% — los tipos de interés han subido bruscamente del 3% al 5%•
the temperature was up in the forties — la temperatura estaba por encima de los cuarenta•
prices are up on last year — los precios han subido desde el año pasado, del año pasado a este los precios han subido8) (in score)•
she's right up there with the jazz greats — está en la cumbre con los grandes del jazz10) (=built, installed)the new building isn't up yet — el nuevo edificio no está construido todavía, no han levantado el nuevo edificio todavía
we've got the pictures up at last — por fin hemos puesto or colgado los cuadros
11) (=finished) [contract etc] vencido, caducadowhen the period is up — cuando termine el plazo, cuando venza el plazo
time is up, put down your pens — se ha acabado el tiempo, dejen los bolígrafos sobre la mesa
time is up for the people living here, their homes are to be demolished — a la gente que vive aquí le toca marcharse, están derribando sus casas
12) (=and over)•
from £2 up — de 2 libras para arriba13) (=knowledgeable)•
he's well up in or on British politics — está muy al corriente or al día en lo referente a la política británicahow are you up on your military history? — ¿cómo andan tus conocimientos de historia militar?
14) * (=wrong)•
there's something up with him — algo le pasa•
what's up? — ¿qué pasa?what's up with him? — ¿que le pasa?
16) (Jur)to be up before the judge/board — [person] (tener que) comparecer ante el juez/el consejo; [case, matter] verse ante el juez/en el consejo
17) (=risen)•
the river is up — el río ha subido•
the sun is up — ha salido el sol•
the tide is up — la marea está alta18) (Brit) (=under repair)19) (US)(Culin) *two fried eggs, up — un par de huevos fritos boca arriba
20) (=mounted)up againstup (with) Celtic! — ¡arriba el Celtic!
up and running up for sthto be up against sb — tener que habérselas con algn, tener que enfrentarse a algn
most politicians up for reelection know this — (=seeking) la mayoría de los políticos que se presentan a la reelección lo saben
every two years, a third of the Senate comes up for election — cada dos años se renueva una tercera parte del Senado
to be up for sth * — (=ready, willing) tener ganas de algo
up to (=till, as far as) hastaare you up for it? — ¿estás dispuesto?
up to now — hasta ahora, hasta la fecha
up to £10 — hasta 10 libras nada más
we were up to our knees/waist in water — el agua nos llegaba por or hasta las rodillas/la cintura
what page are you up to? — ¿por qué página vas?
to be up to a task — (=capable of) estar a la altura de una tarea, estar en condiciones de realizar una tarea
to be {or}3} feel up to sththey weren't up to running a company — no estaban en condiciones de gestionar una empresa, no estaban a la altura necesaria para gestionar una empresa
including to be up to sth * (=doing)are you (feeling) up to going for a walk? — ¿te sientes con ganas de dar un paseo?
what are you up to? — ¿qué andas haciendo?
what are you up to with that knife? — ¿qué haces con ese cuchillo?
what does he think he's up to? — ¿qué diablos piensa hacer?
to be up to a standard/to much (=equal to)what have you been up to lately? — ¿qué has estado haciendo últimamente?
to be up to sb (=depend on)the book isn't up to much — (Brit) * el libro no vale mucho
I wouldn't do it but it's up to you — yo (que tú) no lo haría, pero allá tú or tú verás
I'd go, but it's up to you — por mí iría, pero depende de ti
if it were or was up to me — si dependiera de mí
2. PREPOSITION1) (=on top of) en lo alto de, arriba de (LAm)he was up a ladder pruning the apple trees — estaba subido a una escalera or en lo alto de una escalera podando los manzanos
to be up a tree — estar en lo alto de or (LAm) arriba de un árbol
2) (=along, towards the top)the heat disappears straight up the chimney — el calor se escapa chimenea arriba, el calor se escapa por lo alto de la chimenea
•
to travel up and down the country — viajar por todo el paíspeople up and down the country are saying... — la gente por todo el país dice...
•
they live further up the road — viven en esta calle pero más arribafurther up the page — en la misma página, más arriba
•
halfway up the stairs — a mitad de la escalera3)• up yours! *** — ¡vete a hacer puñetas! ***
3. NOUN1)the ups and downs that every politician is faced with — los altibajos a que se enfrenta todo político, las vicisitudes a que está sometido todo político
2)• it's on the up and up — (Brit) (=improving) va cada vez mejor; (US) (=above board) está en regla
4. ADJECTIVE1) (Rail) [train, line] ascendente2) (=elated)5. INTRANSITIVE VERB*1) (=jump up)2) emphatic•
she upped and left — (=stood up) se levantó y se marchó, se levantó y se largó *; (=went) fue y se marchó, fue y se largó *6.TRANSITIVE VERB (=raise) † [+ price, offer] subir, aumentar* * *
I [ʌp]1) adverb2)a) ( in upward direction)up a bit... left a bit — un poco más arriba... un poco a la izquierda
up United! — (BrE) arriba el United!
b) ( upstairs)3)a) ( of position) arribaup here/there — aquí/allí arriba
b) (upstairs, on upper floor)c) (raised, pointing upward)with the lid/blinds up — con la tapa levantada/las persianas levantadas or subidas
d) ( removed)I had the floorboards up — había quitado or levantado las tablas del suelo
4)a) ( upright)b) ( out of bed)she's up and about again — (colloq) está dando guerra otra vez (fam)
5)a) (of numbers, volume, intensity)prices are 5% up o up (by) 5% on last month — los precios han aumentado un 5% con respecto al mes pasado
from $25/the age of 11 up — a partir de 25 dólares/de los 11 años
b) (in league, table, hierarchy)6)a) ( in or toward north)b) ( at or to another place)to go up to town — (esp BrE) ir* a la ciudad (or a Londres etc)
7) (in position, erected)is the tent up? — ¿ya han armado la tienda or (AmL) la carpa?
the pictures/shelves are up — los cuadros/estantes están colocados or puestos
8) ( going on) (colloq)what's up with you? — ¿a ti qué te pasa?
what's up? — (what's the matter?) ¿qué pasa?; ( as greeting) (AmE) ¿qué hay? (colloq), ¿qué onda? (AmL arg), ¿qué hubo or quiubo? (Chi, Col, Méx, Ven fam)
9) ( finished)10) ( Sport)a) ( ahead in competition)to be one up on somebody — tener* una ventaja sobre algn
b) ( for each side) (AmE)11) ( under consideration)she will be up before the board/judge — comparecerá ante la junta/el juez
12) (in phrases)a) ( next to) contrab) ( confronted by)to be up against it — estar* contra las cuerdas
13) up and downa) ( vertically)to jump up and down — dar* saltos
b) ( back and forth) de arriba abajoc) ( of mood)14)up for — ( subject to)
the motion up for debate today — la moción que sale hoy a debate or se debate hoy
15)up on — ( knowledgeable) (pred)
how well up are you on what's been happening? — ¿cuánto sabes or qué tan enterado estás de lo que ha estado sucediendo?
16)up till o until — hasta
17) up to18) (as far as, as much as) hastaup to here/now/a certain point — hasta aquí/ahora/cierto punto
19)a) ( equal to)it isn't up to the usual standard — no es del alto nivel al que estamos acostumbrados; come up to b)
b) ( capable of)she's not up to the job — no tiene las condiciones necesarias para el trabajo, no puede con el trabajo (fam)
do you feel up to going out? — ¿te sientes con fuerzas/ánimos (como) para salir?
my spelling is not up to much — (BrE) mi ortografía deja bastante que desear
20) ( depending on)that's entirely up to you — eso, como tú quieras
it's not up to me to decide — no me corresponde a mí decidir, no soy yo quien tiene que decidir
21)to be up to something — (colloq)
I'm sure they're up to something — ( planning) estoy segura de que algo están tramando or algo se traen entre manos; ( doing) estoy segura de que algo (or alguna travesura etc) están haciendo
what have you been up to lately? — ¿en qué has andado últimamente?
II
1)a) ( in upward direction)to go up the stairs/hill — subir la escalera/colina
b) ( at higher level)2)a) ( along)to go/come up the river — ir*/venir* por el río
b) ( further along)it's just up the road — está un poco más allá or adelante
III
1) (before n) ( going upward)2) ( elated) (AmE colloq) (pred)I feel really up at the moment — me siento como en las nubes
IV
1.
- pp- transitive verb (colloq) \<\<price/costs\>\> aumentar, subir; <bid/offer> aumentar, superar
2.
up vito up and go — agarrar or (esp Esp) coger* e irse*
V
to be on the up and up — (colloq) ( honest) (AmE) \<\<businessman/salesperson\>\> ser* de buena ley, ser* de fiar; ( succeeding) (BrE) \<\<business/company\>\> marchar or ir* cada vez mejor, estar* en alza
-
10 fall
1. noun2. intransitive verb,fall of snow/rain — Schnee-/Regenfall, der
1) fallen; [Person:] [hin]fallen, stürzen; [Pferd:] stürzenfall off something, fall down from something — von etwas [herunter]fallen
fall down [into] something — in etwas (Akk.) [hinein]fallen
fall down dead — tot umfallen
fall down the stairs — die Treppe herunter-/hinunterfallen
fall [flat] on one's face — (lit. or fig.) auf die Nase fallen (ugs.)
fall into the trap — in die Falle gehen
fall from a great height — aus großer Höhe abstürzen
rain/snow is falling — es regnet/schneit
2) (fig.) [Nacht, Dunkelheit:] hereinbrechen; [Abend:] anbrechen; [Stille:] eintreten3) (fig.): (be uttered) fallenfall from somebody's lips — über jemandes Lippen (Akk.) kommen
4) (become detached) [Blätter:] [ab]fallenfall out — [Haare, Federn:] ausfallen
5) (sink to lower level) sinken; [Barometer:] fallen; [Absatz, Verkauf:] zurückgehenfall into sin/temptation — eine Sünde begehen/der Versuchung er- od. unterliegen
6) (subside) [Wasserspiegel, Gezeitenhöhe:] fallen; [Wind:] sich legen7) (show dismay)his/her face fell — er/sie machte ein langes Gesicht (ugs.)
8) (be defeated) [Festung, Stadt:] fallen; [Monarchie, Regierung:] gestürzt werden; [Reich:] untergehenthe fortress fell to the enemy — die Festung fiel dem Feind in die Hände
9) (perish) [Soldat:] fallen10) (collapse, break) einstürzenfall to pieces, fall apart — [Buch, Wagen:] auseinander fallen
fall apart at the seams — an den Nähten aufplatzen
11) (come by chance, duty, etc.) fallen (to an + Akk.)it fell to me or to my lot to do it — das Los, es tun zu müssen, hat mich getroffen
fall into decay — [Gebäude:] verfallen
fall into a swoon or faint — in Ohnmacht fallen
12) [Auge, Strahl, Licht, Schatten:] fallen ( upon auf + Akk.)fall into or under a category — in od. unter eine Kategorie fallen
14) (occur) fallen (on auf + Akk.)Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/26285/fall_about">fall about- fall for- fall in- fall off- fall on- fall out* * *[fo:l] 1. past tense - fell; verb1) (to go down from a higher level usually unintentionally: The apple fell from the tree; Her eye fell on an old book.) fallen2) ((often with over) to go down to the ground etc from an upright position, usually by accident: She fell (over).) fallen3) (to become lower or less: The temperature is falling.) fallen4) (to happen or occur: Easter falls early this year.) stattfinden5) (to enter a certain state or condition: She fell asleep; They fell in love.) fallen6) ((formal: only with it as subject) to come as one's duty etc: It falls to me to take care of the children.) überlassen bleiben2. noun1) (the act of falling: He had a fall.) der Sturz•- falls- fallout
- his
- her face fell
- fall away
- fall back
- fall back on
- fall behind
- fall down
- fall flat
- fall for
- fall in with
- fall off
- fall on/upon
- fall out
- fall short
- fall through* * *I. NOUNshe broke her leg in the \fall sie brach sich bei dem Sturz das Beinto break sb's \fall jds Sturz abfangento have a \fall hinfallen; (harder) stürzento take a \fall stürzen; (from a horse) vom Pferd fallen2. no pl (descent) Fallen nt; of leaves Herabfallen nt geh; (drop) of an axe, a guillotine Herunterfallen nt; of a level also [Ab]sinken ntthe audience roared at the \fall of the curtain das Publikum brüllte, als der Vorhang fielat the \fall of the tide bei Ebbe fthe rise and \fall of the tide Ebbe und Flut3. METEO, GEOG\fall of earth Erdrutsch m[heavy] \falls of rain/snow [heftige] Regen-/Schneefälle\fall of rock Steinschlag m6. no pl (decrease) Rückgang m (in + gen); in support Nachlassen nt (in + gen); in a level also Sinken nt (in + gen)there was a \fall in support for his party at the last election die Unterstützung für seine Partei hat bei den letzten Wahlen nachgelassen\fall in demand/price/temperature Nachfrage-/Preis-/Temperaturrückgang mthere has been a slight \fall in the price of petrol der Benzinpreis ist leicht zurückgegangensudden \fall in price Preissturz m\fall in pressure Druckabfall m\fall in moral standards Verfall m der Sittena sharp \fall in temperature ein Temperaturabfall m, ein Temperatursturz m\fall in value Wertverlust mthe \fall of the Berlin Wall/Iron Curtain der Fall der Berliner Mauer/des Eisernen Vorhangsthe \fall of Constantinople die Eroberung Konstantinopelsthe \fall of the Roman Empire der Untergang des Römischen Reiches\fall from power Entmachtung f▪ the F\fall [of Man] der Sündenfall10. (waterfall)▪ \falls pl Wasserfall m[the] Victoria F\falls die Viktoriafälle11.▶ to be as innocent as Adam before the F\fall ( saying) so unschuldig sein wie Adam vor dem Sündenfall▶ to take a [or the] \fall for sb/sth AM ( fam) für jdn/etw die Schuld auf sich akk nehmen, für jdn/etw einstehenII. NOUN MODIFIER\fall clothing Herbstkleidung f\fall collection Herbstkollektion f\fall plowing Wintersaat fIII. INTRANSITIVE VERB<fell, fallen>1. (drop, tumble) fallen; (harder) stürzen; (topple) person hinfallen; (harder) stürzen; tree, post, pillar umfallen; (harder) umstürzenhe fell badly and broke his arm er stürzte schwer und brach sich den Armthe bridge fell into the river die Brücke stürzte ins Wasserher horse fell at a fence ihr Pferd blieb an einem Hindernis hängenthe bomb fell on the church and totally destroyed it die Bombe fiel auf die Kirche und zerstörte sie vollständigthe picture's \fallen behind the piano das Bild ist hinter das Klavier gefallento \fall into sb's/each other's arms jdm/sich in die Arme fallento \fall into bed ins Bett fallento \fall under a bus/train unter einen Bus/Zug geratento \fall to one's death in den Tod stürzento \fall on the floor/to the ground auf den Boden fallento \fall to one's knees auf die Knie fallento \fall down dead tot umfallen2. (hang) fallento \fall loosely locker fallenhis hair fell around his shoulders in golden curls sein Haar fiel ihm in goldenen Locken auf die Schulterher hair fell to her waist ihr Haar reichte ihr bis zur Taillea curl/a strand of hair fell into her face eine Locke/Strähne fiel ihr ins Gesicht▪ to \fall on sb/sth jdn/etw überfallenthe audience was still laughing as the curtain fell als der Vorhang fiel, lachte das Publikum immer nochthe snow had been \falling all day es hatte den ganzen Tag über geschneitmore rain had \fallen overnight über Nacht hatte es noch mehr geregnetdarkness \falls early in the tropics in den Tropen wird es früh dunkelnight was already \falling es begann bereits dunkel zu werdenthe blows continued to \fall on him die Schläge prasselten weiter auf ihn niederthe axe looks likely to \fall on 500 jobs 500 Stellen werden wahrscheinlich gestrichen werdensilence fell on the group of men [ein] Schweigen überfiel die Männer4. (slope) [steil] abfallen5. (decrease) sinken; price, temperature, pressure, value also fallen; demand, sales, numbers also zurückgehen; ( fig) barometer fallenwater supplies have \fallen to danger levels der Wasservorrat ist auf einen gefährlich niedrigen Stand abgesunkenthe attendance fell well below the expected figure die Besucherzahlen blieben weit hinter den erwarteten Zahlen zurückchurch attendance has \fallen dramatically die Anzahl der Kirchenbesucher ist drastisch zurückgegangen [o gesunken]\falling prices pl Preisrückgang m6. (be defeated) government, regime, politician gestürzt werden; empire untergehen; city, town eingenommen werden, fallento \fall from power seines Amtes enthoben werden▪ to \fall to sb jdm in die Hände fallenBasildon finally fell to Labour at the last election Basildon fiel in der letzten Wahl Labour zu7. (lose a position, status) fallento \fall in the charts/the table in den Charts/der Tabelle fallento have \fallen to the bottom of the league table ganz unten in der Tabelle stehento \fall in sb's estimation in jds Achtung sinken8. (fail)to stand or \fall on sth mit etw dat stehen und fallenthe proposal will stand or \fall on the possible tax breaks der Vorschlag wird mit den zu erwartenden Steuervergünstigungen stehen und fallen10. (be) liegenEaster \falls early/late this year Ostern ist dieses Jahr früh/spätthis year, my birthday \falls on a Monday diese Jahr fällt mein Geburtstag auf einen Montagthe accent \falls on the second syllable der Akzent liegt auf der zweiten Silbe11. (belong)to \fall into a category/class in [o unter] eine Kategorie/Klasse fallenthis matter \falls outside the area for which we are responsible diese Sache fällt nicht in unseren Zuständigkeitsbereichthat side of the business \falls under my department dieser Geschäftsteil fällt in meinen Zuständigkeitsbereichthat \falls under the heading... das fällt unter die Rubrik...any offence committed in this state \falls within the jurisdiction of this court jedes Vergehen, das in diesem Staat begangen wird, fällt in den Zuständigkeitsbereich dieses Gerichts12. (be divided)the text \falls into three sections der Text gliedert sich in drei Kategorien13. (become)to \fall prey [or victim] to sb/sth jdm/etw zum Opfer fallento \fall asleep einschlafento \fall due fällig seinto \fall foul of sb mit jdm Streit bekommento \fall foul of a law [or regulation] ein Gesetz übertretento \fall ill [or sick] krank werdento \fall open aufklappento \fall silent verstummento \fall vacant frei werden14. (enter a particular state)to \fall into debt sich akk verschuldento \fall into disrepair [or decay] verkommento \fall into disrepute in Misskredit geratento \fall into disuse nicht mehr benutzt werdento \fall in love [with sb/sth] sich akk [in jdn/etw] verliebento \fall out of love [with sb/sth] nicht mehr [in jdn/etw] verliebt seinto \fall into a reflective mood ins Grübeln kommento have \fallen under the spell of sb/sth von jdm/etw verzaubert sein15.▶ to \fall on deaf ears auf taube Ohren stoßen▶ sb's face fell jd machte ein langes Gesicht▶ to \fall on hard times harte Zeiten durchleben▶ to \fall into place (work out) sich akk von selbst ergeben; (make sense) einen Sinn ergeben, [einen] Sinn machen fam▶ to \fall short [of sth] etw nicht erreichen▶ to \fall short of sb's expectations hinter jds Erwartungen zurückbleiben▶ to \fall into a/sb's trap in die/jdm in die Falle gehenI was afraid that I might be \falling into a trap ich hatte Angst, in eine Falle zu laufenthey fell into the trap of overestimating their own ability sie haben ihre eigenen Fähigkeiten völlig überschätzt▶ to \fall to a whisper in einen Flüsterton verfallen* * *[fɔːl] vb: pret fell, ptp fallen1. nto have a fall — (hin)fallen, stürzen
2) (= defeat of town, fortress etc) Einnahme f, Eroberung f; (of Troy) Fall m; (of country) Zusammenbruch m; (of government) Sturz m3)fall of rain/snow — Regen-/Schneefall m
4) (of night) Einbruch m5) (= lowering) Sinken nt; (in temperature) Abfall m, Sinken nt; (sudden) Sturz m; (of barometer) Fallen nt; (sudden) Sturz m; (in wind) Nachlassen nt; (in revs, population, membership) Abnahme f; (in graph) Abfall m; (in morals) Verfall m; (of prices, currency, gradual) Sinken nt; (sudden) Sturz m10) (US: autumn) Herbst min the fall — im Herbst
2. vi1) (lit, fig: tumble) fallen; (SPORT, from a height, badly) stürzen; (object, to the ground) herunterfallen2) (= hang down hair, clothes etc) fallen3) (snow, rain) fallen4) (= drop temperature, price) fallen, sinken; (population, membership etc) abnehmen; (voice) sich senken; (wind) sich legen, nachlassen; (land) abfallen; (graph, curve, rate) abnehmen; (steeply) abfallento fall in sb's estimation or eyes — in jds Achtung (dat) sinken
5) (= be defeated country) eingenommen werden; (city, fortress) fallen, erobert or eingenommen werden; (government, ruler) gestürzt werdento fall to the enemy — vom Feind eingenommen werden; (fortress, town also) vom Feind erobert werden
6) (= be killed) fallen9) (= occur birthday, Easter etc) fallen (on auf +acc); (accent) liegen (on auf +dat); (= be classified) gehören (under in +acc), fallen (under unter +acc)that falls within/outside the scope of... — das fällt in/nicht in den Bereich +gen..., das liegt innerhalb/außerhalb des Bereichs +gen...
10) (= be naturally divisible) zerfallen, sich gliedern (into in +acc)11) (fig)where do you think the responsibility/blame for that will fall? — wem wird Ihrer Meinung nach die Verantwortung dafür/die Schuld daran gegeben?
12) (= become) werdento fall ill — krank werden, erkranken (geh)
to fall out of love with sb — aufhören, jdn zu lieben
13)(= pass into a certain state)
to fall into decline (building) — verkommen; (economy) schlechter werdento fall into a state of unconsciousness — das Bewusstsein verlieren, in Ohnmacht fallen
to fall apart or to pieces (chairs, cars, book etc) — aus dem Leim gehen (inf); (clothes, curtains) sich in Wohlgefallen auflösen (inf); (house) verfallen; (system, company, sb's life) aus den Fugen geraten or gehen
I fell apart when he left me — meine Welt brach zusammen, als er mich verließ
14)* * *fall [fɔːl]A s1. Fall m, Sturz m, Fallen n:a) verwegen reiten,take the fall for sb umg für jemanden den Kopf hinhalten2. a) (Ab)Fallen n (der Blätter etc)b) besonders US Herbst m:in fall im Herbst;fall weather Herbstwetter n3. Fall m, Herabfallen n, Faltenwurf m (von Stoff)4. Fallen n (des Vorhangs)5. TECH Niedergang m (des Kolbens etc)6. Zusammenfallen n, Einsturz m (eines Gebäudes)7. PHYSb) Fallhöhe f, -strecke f8. a) (Regen-, Schnee) Fall mb) Regen-, Schnee-, Niederschlagsmenge f9. Fallen n, Sinken n (der Flut, Temperatur etc):a sharp fall ein starkes Gefälle12. An-, Einbruch m (der Nacht etc)13. Fall m, Sturz m, Nieder-, Untergang m, Verfall m, Ende n:the fall of Troy der Fall von Troja;14. a) (moralischer) Verfallb) Fall m, Fehltritt m:15. JAGDa) Fall m, Tod m (von Wild)b) Falle f16. AGR, ZOOL Wurf m (Lämmer etc)win by fall Schultersieg m;try a fall with sb fig sich mit jemandem messenB v/i prät fell [fel], pperf fallen [ˈfɔːlən]1. fallen:the curtain falls der Vorhang fällt3. (herunter)fallen, abstürzen:he fell to his death er stürzte tödlich ab4. (um-, hin-, nieder)fallen, stürzen, zu Fall kommen, zu Boden fallen (Person):5. umfallen, -stürzen (Baum etc)6. (in Locken oder Falten etc) (herab)fallen7. fig fallen:a) (im Krieg) umkommenb) erobert werden (Stadt)c) gestürzt werden (Regierung)d) (moralisch) sinkene) die Unschuld verlieren, einen Fehltritt begehen (Frau)f) SPORT gebrochen werden (Rekord etc)8. fig fallen, sinken (Flut, Preis, Temperatur etc):the temperature has fallen (by) 10 degrees die Temperatur ist um 10 Grad gesunken;the wind falls der Wind legt sich oder lässt nach;his courage fell sein Mut sank;his voice (eyes) fell er senkte die Stimme (den Blick);his face fell er machte ein langes Gesicht;9. abfallen (toward[s] zu … hin) (Gelände etc)11. (zeitlich) eintreten, fallen:12. sich ereignen13. hereinbrechen (Nacht etc)14. fig fallen (Worte etc):the remark fell from him er ließ die Bemerkung fallen15. krank, fällig etc werden:fall heir to sth etwas erben* * *1. noun2. intransitive verb,fall of snow/rain — Schnee-/Regenfall, der
1) fallen; [Person:] [hin]fallen, stürzen; [Pferd:] stürzenfall off something, fall down from something — von etwas [herunter]fallen
fall down [into] something — in etwas (Akk.) [hinein]fallen
fall down the stairs — die Treppe herunter-/hinunterfallen
fall [flat] on one's face — (lit. or fig.) auf die Nase fallen (ugs.)
rain/snow is falling — es regnet/schneit
2) (fig.) [Nacht, Dunkelheit:] hereinbrechen; [Abend:] anbrechen; [Stille:] eintreten3) (fig.): (be uttered) fallenfall from somebody's lips — über jemandes Lippen (Akk.) kommen
4) (become detached) [Blätter:] [ab]fallenfall out — [Haare, Federn:] ausfallen
5) (sink to lower level) sinken; [Barometer:] fallen; [Absatz, Verkauf:] zurückgehenfall into sin/temptation — eine Sünde begehen/der Versuchung er- od. unterliegen
6) (subside) [Wasserspiegel, Gezeitenhöhe:] fallen; [Wind:] sich legenhis/her face fell — er/sie machte ein langes Gesicht (ugs.)
8) (be defeated) [Festung, Stadt:] fallen; [Monarchie, Regierung:] gestürzt werden; [Reich:] untergehen9) (perish) [Soldat:] fallen10) (collapse, break) einstürzenfall to pieces, fall apart — [Buch, Wagen:] auseinander fallen
11) (come by chance, duty, etc.) fallen (to an + Akk.)it fell to me or to my lot to do it — das Los, es tun zu müssen, hat mich getroffen
fall into decay — [Gebäude:] verfallen
fall into a swoon or faint — in Ohnmacht fallen
12) [Auge, Strahl, Licht, Schatten:] fallen ( upon auf + Akk.)fall into or under a category — in od. unter eine Kategorie fallen
14) (occur) fallen (on auf + Akk.)Phrasal Verbs:- fall for- fall in- fall off- fall on- fall out* * *(US) n.Herbst -e m. (of a regime, society) n.Verfall -¨e m. n.Fall ¨-e m.Sturz ¨-e m. v.(§ p.,p.p.: fell, fallen)= absinken v.fallen v.(§ p.,pp.: fiel, ist gefallen)purzeln v.stürzen v. -
11 up
up [ʌp]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. adverb3. noun4. adjective7. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When up is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg come up, throw up, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg this way up, close up, look up the other word.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. preposition• to be up a tree/up a ladder être dans un arbre/sur une échelle2. adverb━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When used with a preposition, up is often not translated.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• people up and down the country are saying... partout dans le pays les gens disent...• are you up for it? (inf) ( = willing) tu es partant ? (inf) ; ( = fit) tu te sens d'attaque (inf) ?► up to ( = as far as) jusqu'à• what page are you up to? à quelle page en êtes-vous ?► to be up to sth ( = capable of)• is he up to doing research? est-il capable de faire de la recherche ?• it isn't up to his usual standard ( = equal to) il peut faire bien mieux que cela► to feel or be up to sth ( = strong enough for)• he really isn't up to going back to work yet il n'est vraiment pas en état de reprendre le travail► to be up to sth (inf) ( = doing)what is he up to? qu'est-ce qu'il fabrique ? (inf)• what have you been up to? qu'est-ce que tu as fabriqué ? (inf)• shall I do it? -- it's up to you je le fais ? -- à vous de voir• if it were up to me... si ça ne tenait qu'à moi...3. noun4. adjective• get up! debout !• she was up all night because the baby was ill elle n'a pas fermé l'œil de la nuit parce que le bébé était maladeb. ( = raised) the blinds were up les stores n'étaient pas baissés• "this side up" (on parcel) « haut »• hands up, everyone who knows the answer levez le doigt si vous connaissez la réponse• hands up! (to gunman) haut les mains !c. ( = installed, built)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Whichever verb is implicit in English is usually made explicit in French.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• we've got the curtains/pictures up at last nous avons enfin posé les rideaux/accroché les tableauxe. ( = finished) his leave is up sa permission est terminée• time's up! c'est l'heure !f. ( = wrong) (inf) what's up? qu'est-ce qui ne va pas ?• what's up with him? qu'est-ce qu'il a qui ne va pas ?• what's up with the car? qu'est-ce qui ne va pas avec la voiture ?• what's up with your leg? qu'est-ce qui t'est arrivé à la jambe ? (inf)• he's been rather up and down recently il a eu des hauts et des bas récemment► up and running ( = functioning) opérationnel7. compounds* * *Note: up appears frequently in English as the second element of phrasal verbs ( get up, pick up etc). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry (get, pick etc)[ʌp] 1.1) ( out of bed)2) (higher in amount, level)sales/prices are up (by 10%) — les ventes/les prix ont augmenté (de 10%)
shares/numbers are up — les actions sont/le nombre est en hausse
production is up (by) 5% — la production a augmenté de 5%
his temperature is up 2 degrees — sa température a augmenté de 2°
sales are 10% up on last year — les ventes ont augmenté de 10% par rapport à l'an dernier
3) (colloq) ( wrong)4) (erected, affixed)5) ( open)6) ( finished)‘time's up!’ — ‘le temps est épuisé!’
it's all up (colloq) with him — il est fini (colloq)
7) ( facing upwards)‘this side up’ — (on parcel, box) ‘haut’
8) ( rising)her blood's up — fig la moutarde lui monte au nez
9) ( pinned up)10) ( cheerful)11) ( being repaired)12) ( in upward direction)13) ( on trial)2.1) ( high)up here/there — là-haut
up in the tree/the clouds — dans l'arbre/les nuages
up to/in London — à Londres
up to/in Scotland — en Écosse
all the way up — jusqu'en haut, jusqu'au sommet
2) ( ahead) d'avanceshe's 40-15 up — ( in tennis) elle mène 40-15
3) ( upwards)t-shirts from £2 up — des t-shirts à partir de deux livres
4) ( to high status)3.1) (at, to higher level)2) ( in direction)4.up above adverbial phrase, prepositional phrase gen au-dessus; Religion au ciel5.up against prepositional phrase6. 7.to be ou come up against opposition — rencontrer de l'opposition
up and down adverbial phrase, prepositional phrase1) ( to and fro)to walk ou pace up and down — aller et venir, faire les cent pas
2) ( throughout)8.up and running adjectival phrase, adverbial phraseto be up and running — [company, project] bien marcher; [system] bien fonctionner
9.to get something up and running — faire marcher or fonctionner quelque chose
up for prepositional phrase10.the subject up for discussion is... — le sujet qu'on aborde est...
up to prepositional phrase1) ( to particular level) jusqu'à2) ( as many as) jusqu'à, près dereductions of up to 50% — des réductions qui peuvent atteindre 50%
tax on profits of up to £150,000 — les impôts sur les bénéfices de moins de 150000 livres sterling
3) ( until) jusqu'àup to 10.30 pm — jusqu'à 22 h 30
4) ( good enough for)I'm not up to it — ( not capable) je n'en suis pas capable; ( not well enough) je n'en ai pas la force
this work wasn't up to your usual standard — ce travail n'est pas au niveau de ce que vous faites d'habitude
6) ( doing)what are those children up to? — qu'est-ce qu'ils fabriquent (colloq) ces enfants?
11. 12.they're up to something — ils mijotent (colloq) quelque chose
intransitive verb (p prés etc - pp-)••to be (well) up on — s'y connaître en [art, history etc]; être au courant de [news, developments]
-
12 reach
ri:
1. verb1) (to arrive at (a place, age etc): We'll never reach London before dark; Money is not important when you reach my age; The noise reached our ears; Has the total reached a thousand dollars yet?; Have they reached an agreement yet?) llegar (a)2) (to (be able to) touch or get hold of (something): My keys have fallen down this hole and I can't reach them.) alcanzar3) (to stretch out one's hand in order to touch or get hold of something: He reached (across the table) for another cake; She reached out and took the book; He reached across/over and slapped her.) extender/alargar/estirar el brazo4) (to make contact with; to communicate with: If anything happens you can always reach me by phone.) contactar5) (to stretch or extend: My property reaches from here to the river.) extenderse
2. noun1) (the distance that can be travelled easily: My house is within (easy) reach (of London).) cerca de2) (the distance one can stretch one's arm: I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children's reach; My keys are down that hole, just out of reach (of my fingers); The boxer has a very long reach.) alcance3) ((usually in plural) a straight part of a river, canal etc: the lower reaches of the Thames.) parte, tramoreach1 n alcancereach2 vb1. llegar / alcanzar2. alargar la manotr[riːʧ]1 alcance nombre masculino1 (arrive in/at, get to) llegar a■ have you reached a decision? ¿has llegado a una decisión?2 (rise to, fall to) alcanzar3 (be able to touch) alcanzar, llegar a4 (contact) contactar, localizar■ have you got an address where I can reach you? ¿tienes una dirección donde pueda contactar contigo?5 (pass) alcanzar■ could you reach me that hammer? ¿podrías alcanzarme ese martillo?1 (be long enough) llegar2 (extend) extenderse3 (take) extender la mano, tender la mano1 (of river) parte nombre femenino, tramo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLbeyond the reach of fuera del alcance deout of reach of fuera del alcance dereach ['ri:ʧ] vt1) extend: extender, alargarto reach out one's hand: extender la mano2) : alcanzarI couldn't reach the apple: no pude alcanzar la manzana3) : llegar a, llegar hastathe shadow reached the wall: la sombra llegó hasta la pared4) contact: contactar, ponerse en contacto conreach vi2) stretch: extenderse3)to reach for : tratar de agarrarreach n: alcance m, extensión fn.(§ pl.: reaches) = alcance s.m.• envergadura s.f.• estirón s.m.• extensión s.f.• potencia s.f.v.• alargar v.• alcanzar v.• cumplir v.• estirar v.• extenderse v.• influenciar v.• llegar v.riːtʃ
I
1)a) c ( distance) alcance mb) (in phrases)within reach — a mi (or tu etc) alcance
to be within easy reach — \<\<book\>\> estar* muy a mano; \<\<station\>\> quedar muy cerca
2) c ( of river) tramo mthe upper/lower reaches of the Nile — la cuenca alta/baja del Nilo
II
1.
1)a) ( with hand) alcanzar*can you reach the top shelf? — ¿alcanzas el estante de arriba?
b) ( extend to) llegar* a2)a) \<\<destination/limit/age\>\> llegar* a; \<\<stage/figure\>\> llegar* a, alcanzar*applications must reach us by... — las solicitudes deben ser recibidas antes de...
b) \<\<agreement/compromise\>\> llegar* a, alcanzar*I've reached the conclusion that... — he llegado a la conclusión de que...
3)a) ( contact) contactar or ponerse* en contacto conwhere can I reach you? — ¿cómo puedo ponerme en contacto contigo?
b) ( gain access to) \<\<public/audience\>\> llegar* a4) ( pass)to reach somebody something — alcanzarle* algo a alguien
2.
via) (extend hand, arm)to reach FOR something: he reached for his gun echó mano a la pistola; she reached across the table for the salt — agarró or (esp Esp) cogió la sal, que estaba al otro lado de la mesa
b) ( stretch far enough) alcanzar*I can't reach! — no alcanzo!, no llego!
c) ( extend) extenderse*Phrasal Verbs:[riːtʃ]1. VT1) (=get as far as) [+ place, person, stage, point, age] llegar a; [+ speed, level] alcanzar, llegar ato reach the terrace you have to cross the garden — para llegar a or hasta la terraza tienes que cruzar el jardín
by the time I reached her she was dead — cuando llegué a donde estaba, la encontré muerta
peak 1., 3), point 1., 5)•
I reached a point where I was ready to give up — llegué a un punto en el que estaba dispuesto a tirar la toalla2) (=achieve) [+ goal, target] lograr; [+ agreement, compromise] llegar a; [+ decision] tomar•
have they reached a decision yet? — ¿han tomado ya una decisión?3) (=extend to) llegar afar-reaching4) (=stretch to) alcanzarhe is tall enough to reach the top shelf — es lo suficientemente alto como para alcanzar el estante de arriba del todo
5) (=pass) alcanzarcan you reach me (over) the oil? — ¿me alcanzas el aceite por favor?
can you reach me (down) that case? — ¿me alcanzas esa maleta por favor?
6) (=contact) [+ person] ponerse en contacto con, contactaryou can reach me at my hotel — puedes ponerte en contacto conmigo or contactarme en el hotel
to reach sb by telephone — ponerse en contacto con or contactar a algn por teléfono
7) (US) (Jur) (=suborn) [+ witness] sobornar2. VI1) (=stretch out hand) alargar la mano ( for sth para tomar or coger algo)•
he reached across the desk and shook my hand — me tendió la mano por encima del escritorio y estrechó la mía•
she reached for the bottle — alargó la mano para tomar or coger la botellareach for the sky! — (US) * ¡arriba las manos!
•
she reached into her bag and pulled out a gun — metió la mano en el bolso y sacó una pistola•
he reached up and put the book on the shelf — alargó la mano y puso el libro en el estante- reach for the starsher skirt reached down to the ground — la falda le llegaba al or hasta el suelo
it's a tradition that reaches back (for) centuries — es una tradición que se remonta a varios siglos
3) (=stretch far enough) [person] alcanzar; [cable, hose] llegarcan you reach? — ¿alcanzas?
3. N1) alcance m•
beyond (the) reach of sth/sb: the price is beyond the reach of ordinary people — el precio está fuera del alcance de la gente corriente•
out of reach — fuera del alcancekeep all medicines out of reach of children — mantenga todos los medicamentos fuera del alcance de los niños
•
within sb's reach — al alcance (de la mano) de algnthe rope was just within (her) reach — la cuerda estaba justo a su alcance or al alcance de su mano
at last his goal was within reach — por fin el objetivo que tenía estaba a su alcance, por fin tenía su objetivo al alcance de la mano
cars are within everyone's reach nowadays — ahora los coches están al alcance (del bolsillo) de cualquiera
it's within easy reach by bus — en autobús queda cerca, se puede acceder fácilmente en autobús
a house within easy reach of the station — una casa cerca de la estación, una casa bien situada con respecto a la estación
•
within reach of sth — cerca de algo2) [of river, canal] (=short stretch) tramo m* * *[riːtʃ]
I
1)a) c ( distance) alcance mb) (in phrases)within reach — a mi (or tu etc) alcance
to be within easy reach — \<\<book\>\> estar* muy a mano; \<\<station\>\> quedar muy cerca
2) c ( of river) tramo mthe upper/lower reaches of the Nile — la cuenca alta/baja del Nilo
II
1.
1)a) ( with hand) alcanzar*can you reach the top shelf? — ¿alcanzas el estante de arriba?
b) ( extend to) llegar* a2)a) \<\<destination/limit/age\>\> llegar* a; \<\<stage/figure\>\> llegar* a, alcanzar*applications must reach us by... — las solicitudes deben ser recibidas antes de...
b) \<\<agreement/compromise\>\> llegar* a, alcanzar*I've reached the conclusion that... — he llegado a la conclusión de que...
3)a) ( contact) contactar or ponerse* en contacto conwhere can I reach you? — ¿cómo puedo ponerme en contacto contigo?
b) ( gain access to) \<\<public/audience\>\> llegar* a4) ( pass)to reach somebody something — alcanzarle* algo a alguien
2.
via) (extend hand, arm)to reach FOR something: he reached for his gun echó mano a la pistola; she reached across the table for the salt — agarró or (esp Esp) cogió la sal, que estaba al otro lado de la mesa
b) ( stretch far enough) alcanzar*I can't reach! — no alcanzo!, no llego!
c) ( extend) extenderse*Phrasal Verbs: -
13 above
I [ə'bʌv] adv1) наверх, наверху- sky above- from above
- live on the floor above2) выше- in the list above•USAGE:Наречие above носит книжный характер и употребляется, главным образом, в письменной речи. Это наречие используется для отсылки к уже упомянутому и, чаще всего, сочетается с глаголами сообщения типа to mention, to report, to state, to quote и с существительными типа table, figure: as shown (reported, stated) above как показано (сообщалось, указывалось) выше; as shown in table two как видно из таблицы 2; the table above shows... таблица, приведенная выше, показывает....II [ə'bʌv] prp1) над- above the clouds
- above the roof2) свыше, выше, больше, более, вне- above ten studentsIt is all above me. — Все это выше моего понимания.
- above ten books
- above criticism
- above suspicion
- above all•USAGE:(1.) Предлог above может употребляться с предшествующим указанием на расстояние до упомянутого объекта, обозначая, таким образом, одновременно и положение и расстояние по отношению к упомянутому объекту: far above our heads высоко над нашей головой. Такое одновременное указание на положение и расстояние присуще как предлогам, так и омонимичным им наречиям along, behind, below, beyond, down under, up: a few steps behind the crowd на несколько шагов позади толпы/в нескольких шагах позади толпы; a mile below милей ниже; far down далеко внизу; miles and miles along the shore много миль вдоль берега. (2.) Предлог above подчеркивает нахождение объекта выше, чем что-либо, поднятым над некоторой точкой отсчета, и предполагает некоторое расстояние между этими двумя точками. Предлог above может относиться как к пространственному, физическому положению: in a flat above the shop в квартире над магазином; six feet above the level of the floor шесть футов над полом; above sea-level выше уровня моря/над уровнем моря; two degrees above zero два градуса выше нуля; так и к интеллектуальным способностям, духовным качествам и социальному положению: above your ability выше твоих способностей; above criticism выше всякой критики. (3.) При указании точного количества above 2., как и его антоним below, указывает только на направление и положение относительно точки отсчета, а само расстояние обозначено точно числительным: 500 feet above sea level пятьсят футов над уровнем моря; children above the age of 10 (aged 10 and above) дети старше десяти лет. (4.) Для указания движения над чем-либо, поверх чего-либо и часто перемещения за пределы этого объекта употребляется только over а не above: to throw the ball over the fence перебросить мяч через забор; to jump over the stream перепрыгнуть через ручей; to lean over the child склониться/наклониться над ребенком. То же касается и значения "превышение количества": he is over sixty ему более шестидесяти/ему/за шестьдесят. (5.) Русский предлог "над" может передаваться английскими предлогами above и over. Их различие состоит в том, что above предполагает вертикальное расстояние над объектом, с которым нет соприкосновения, a over предполагает покрытие объекта, часто при соприкосновении с ним: the clouds above the house тучи над домом; the shard over the bed тень/тент над кроватью; the umbrella above/over the head зонтик над головой; he held his hands over his head он прикрыл голову руками; the aeroplane flew high above/over the city самолет летел над городом. В случае касания объекта предлог over переводится как "на": to spread a newspaper over the table расстелить газету на столе -
14 turn
A n1 (opportunity, in rotation) tour m ; to wait one's turn attendre son tour ; it's my turn gen c'est mon tour ; ( in game) c'est à moi de jouer ; whose turn is it? gen c'est à qui le tour? ; ( in game) c'est à qui de jouer? ; ‘miss a turn’ ‘passez votre tour’ ; to be sb's turn to do être à qn or au tour de qn de faire ; it's your turn to make the coffee c'est à toi or à ton tour de faire le café ; it was his turn to feel rejected il se sentait rejeté à son tour ; to have a turn on or at or with the computer utiliser l'ordinateur à son tour ; to have a turn at driving prendre son tour de conduite ; to take turns at doing, to take it in turns to do faire qch à tour de rôle ; to do sth turn and turn about faire qch à tour de rôle ; take it in turns! chacun son tour! ; by turns tour à tour ; to feel happy and depressed by turns être tour à tour heureux et malheureux ; to speak out of turn fig commettre un impair ; I hope I haven't spoken out of turn j'espère ne pas avoir commis d'impair ;2 ( circular movement) tour m ; to give sth a turn tourner qch ; to give sth half a turn to the left faire tourner qch d'un demi-tour vers la gauche ; to do a turn [dancer] faire un tour ; to take a turn in the park faire un tour dans le parc ;3 ( in vehicle) virage m ; a 90° turn un virage à 90° ; to make ou do a left/right turn tourner à gauche/à droite ; to do a turn in the road faire un demi-tour ; ‘no left turn’ ‘défense de tourner à gauche’ ;4 (bend, side road) tournant m, virage m ; there's a left turn ahead il y a un tournant or virage à gauche plus loin ; brake before you go into the turn freinez avant de prendre le virage ; take the next right turn, take the next turn on the right prenez la prochaine (rue) à droite ;5 (change, development) tournure f ; the turn of events la tournure des événements ; this is an extraordinary turn of events les événements ont pris une tournure extraordinaire ; to take an encouraging/a worrying turn [events] prendre une tournure encourageante/inquiétante ; to take a turn for the better [person, situation] s'améliorer ; [things, events] prendre une meilleure tournure ; to take a turn for the worse [situation] se dégrader ; [health] s'aggraver ; she has taken a turn for the worse elle va de plus en plus mal ; to be on the turn [luck, milk] commencer à tourner ; [tide] commencer à changer ; ⇒ century ;6 ○ GB ( attack) crise f, attaque f ; she's had one of her turns again elle a eu une nouvelle crise or attaque ; a giddy ou dizzy turn un vertige ; to have a funny turn se sentir tout/-e chose ○ ; it gave me quite a turn, it gave me a nasty turn ça m'a fait un coup ○ ;7 ( act) numéro m ; a comic/variety turn un numéro comique/de variété ; to do a/one's turn faire un/son numéro.1 ( in rotation) [answer, speak] à tour de rôle ; she spoke to each of us in turn elle nous a parlé chacun à notre tour ;2 ( linking sequence) à son tour ; this in turn leads to higher inflation ceci à son tour fait augmenter l'inflation ; I invited Andrew who in turn invited Robert j'ai invité Andrew qui à son tour a invité Robert.C vtr1 ( rotate) [person] tourner [knob, wheel, handle] ; serrer [screw] ; [mechanism] faire tourner [cog, wheel] ; to turn sth to the right/left tourner qch vers la droite/gauche ; to turn sth to ‘on’/‘off’ tourner qch sur (la position) ‘marche’/‘arrêt’ ; to turn a switch through 90 degrees faire tourner un sélecteur de 90 degrés ; to turn sth halfway/the wrong way tourner qch d'un demi-tour/dans le mauvais sens ; to turn the key in the door ou lock ( lock up) fermer la porte à clé ; ( unlock) tourner la clé dans la serrure ; to turn the key on sb enfermer qn à clé ;2 (turn over, reverse) retourner [mattress, soil, steak, collar] ; tourner [page] ; to turn sb onto his side/back retourner qn sur le côté/dos ; to turn one's ankle se tordre la cheville ; it turns my stomach cela me soulève le cœur, cela m'écœure ;3 ( change direction of) tourner [chair, head, face, car] ; to turn a picture to the wall tourner un tableau face au mur ; to turn one's face towards tourner le visage vers ; to turn one's steps towards tourner or diriger ses pas vers ; to turn one's attention ou mind to tourner son attention vers ; to turn one's back on lit tourner le dos à [group, place] ; fig laisser tomber [friend, ally] ; abandonner [homeless, needy] ; as soon as my back is turned lit, fig dès que j'ai le dos tourné ; to turn one' s back on the past tourner la page ; to turn sb from one's door chasser qn ;4 (focus, direction of) to turn sth on sb braquer qch sur qn [gun, hose, torch] ; fig diriger qch sur qn [anger, scorn] ;5 ( transform) to turn sth white/black blanchir/noircir qch ; to turn sth milky/opaque rendre qch laiteux/opaque ; to turn sth into transformer qch en [office, car park, desert] ; to turn water into ice/wine changer de l'eau en glace/vin ; to turn a book into a film adapter un livre pour l'écran ; turn your old newspapers into cash! convertissez vos vieux journaux en argent! ; to turn sb into [magician] changer qn en [frog] ; [experience] faire de qn [extrovert, maniac] ; it turned him from a normal child into a delinquent cela a transformé l'enfant normal qu'il était en délinquant ; to stand there as if turned to stone rester là comme pétrifié ;6 ( deflect) détourner [person, conversation] ; to turn the conversation towards ou onto sth détourner or faire dévier la conversation vers qch ; to turn sb from a course of action/from her purpose détourner qn d'une ligne de conduite/de son but ;7 ○ ( pass the age of) he has turned 50 il a 50 ans passés ; she has just turned 20/30 elle vient d'avoir 20/30 ans ; as soon as I turn 18 dès que j'aurai mes 18 ans ; it's just turned five o'clock il est cinq heures passées ;10 ( in espionage) retourner [spy, agent].D vi1 ( change direction) [person, car, plane, road] tourner ; [ship] virer ; to turn (to the) left/right tourner à gauche/droite ; to turn to the east/the west tourner à l'est/l'ouest ; to turn down ou into tourner dans [street, alley] ; to turn off quitter [main road, street] ; to turn towards tourner en direction de [village, mountains] ; I turned towards home j'ai repris le chemin de la maison ; her thoughts turned to her family ses pensées se sont tournées vers sa famille ; the conversation turned to Ellie on en est venu/ils en sont venus à parler d'Ellie ; he later turned to teaching plus tard il s'est tourné vers l'enseignement ;2 ( reverse direction) [person, vehicle] faire demi-tour ; [tide] changer ; [luck] tourner ; there's no room for the bus to turn le bus n'a pas assez de place pour faire demi- tour ; ‘no turning’ ( in driveway) ‘propriété privée, défense d'entrer’ ; ⇒ turn around ;3 ( revolve) [key, wheel, planet] tourner ; [person] se tourner (to, towards vers) ; to turn on its axis tourner sur son axe ; a key turned in the lock une clé a tourné dans la serrure ; to turn in one's chair se retourner dans sa chaise ; to turn and face the camera se tourner vers la caméra ; to turn and walk out of the room faire demi-tour et sortir de la pièce ; to turn to do se retourner pour faire ; to turn to face sth se retourner vers qch ; to turn and fight se retourner pour se battre ; to turn to lie on one's side se tourner pour se mettre sur le côté ; I turned once again to my book/my work j'ai repris encore une fois ma lecture/mon travail ;4 fig ( hinge) to turn on [argument] tourner autour de [point, issue] ; [outcome] dépendre de [factor] ;6 fig (resort to, rely on) to turn to se tourner vers [person, religion] ; to turn to drink se mettre à boire ; to turn to drugs commencer à se droguer ; to turn to sb for se tourner vers qn pour demander [help, advice, money] ; I don't know who to turn to for advice je ne sais vers qui me tourner pour demander conseil ; I don't know where ou which way to turn je ne sais plus où donner la tête ○ ;7 ( change) to turn into [tadpole] se transformer en [frog] ; [sofa] se transformer en [bed] ; [situation, evening] tourner à [farce, disaster] ; [conversation] tourner à [shouting match] ; ( magically) [person] se transformer en [animal, prince etc] ; to turn to [substance] se changer en [ice, gold etc] ; [fear, surprise] faire place à [horror, relief] ; his hopes had turned to dust ses espoirs étaient réduits en poussière ;8 ( become by transformation) devenir [pale, cloudy, green] ; to turn white/black/red gen blanchir/noircir/rougir ; Chem virer au blanc/noir/rouge ; the weather is turning cold/warm le temps se rafraîchit/se réchauffe ; events turned tragic les événements ont tourné au tragique ;9 ○ ( have change of heart) devenir [Conservative, Communist] ; businesswoman turned politician ancienne femme d'affaires devenue politicienne ; to turn ○ Catholic/Muslim se convertir au catholicisme/à l'islam ; to turn traitor se mettre à trahir ;10 ( go sour) [milk] tourner ;11 [trees, leaves] jaunir.at every turn à chaque instant, à tout moment ; one good turn deserves another Prov c'est un prêté pour un rendu ; to be done to a turn être cuit à point ; to do sb a good turn rendre un service à qn ; to feel another turn of the screw sentir la pression augmenter encore.■ turn against:▶ turn against [sb/sth] se retourner contre ;▶ turn [sb] against retourner [qn] contre [person, ideology].■ turn around:1 ( to face other way) [person] se retourner, faire demi-tour (to do pour faire) ; [bus, vehicle] faire demi-tour ;2 fig you can't just turn around and say you've changed your mind tu ne peux pas tout simplement dire que tu as changé d'avis ; what if he just turns around and says no? et si jamais il disait non? ;3 (revolve, rotate) [object, windmill, dancer] tourner ;4 ( change trend) the market has turned around il y a eu un renversement de situation sur le marché ; sales have turned round il y a eu un renversement de tendance dans les ventes ;5 Transp ( unload and reload) décharger et charger ;▶ turn [sth] around, turn around [sth]1 ( to face other way) tourner [qch] dans l'autre sens [car, chair, piano, head, baby] ;2 ( reverse decline in) redresser [situation, economy, company] ; redresser la situation de [political party, factory] ;3 Transp ( unload and reload) décharger et mettre en état de repartir [plane, ship] ; the plane can be turned around in an hour l'avion peut être déchargé et prêt à reprendre l'air en une heure ;4 ( rephrase) reformuler [question, sentence].■ turn aside se détourner (from de).■ turn away:▶ turn away se détourner ; to turn away in disgust/horror se détourner avec dégoût/horreur ;▶ turn [sth] away, turn away [sth] détourner [head, torch] ;▶ turn [sb] away, turn away [sb] refuser [spectator, applicant] ; ne pas laisser entrer [salesman, caller] ; chasser [beggar] ; I was turned away from the Ritz on ne m'a pas laissé entrer au Ritz.■ turn back:1 ( turn around) ( usu on foot) rebrousser chemin ; ( usu in vehicle) faire demi-tour ; it's too late to turn back lit il est trop tard pour faire demi-tour ; fig il est trop tard pour revenir en arrière ; there's no turning back fig il n'est pas question de revenir en arrière ;2 ( in book) revenir (to à) ;▶ turn [sth] back, turn back [sth]1 ( rotate backwards) reculer [dial, clock] ; to turn one's watch back five minutes retarder sa montre de cinq minutes ;▶ turn [sb] back, turn back [sb] faire faire demi-tour à, refouler [marchers, refugees, heavy vehicles] ; to be turned back at the border être refoulé à la frontière.■ turn down:▶ turn down [graph, curve] descendre ; his mouth turns down at the corners il a une bouche aux commissures tombantes ;▶ turn [sth] down, turn down [sth]1 ( reduce) baisser [volume, radio, heating, light, gas] ;▶ turn [sb/sth] down, turn down [sb/sth] refuser [suitor, candidate, request, application] ; rejeter [offer, suggestion].■ turn in:▶ turn in1 ○ ( go to bed) aller se coucher ;2 ( point inwards) his toes turn in il a les pieds tournés en dedans ; to turn in on itself [leaf, page] se recroqueviller ; to turn in on oneself fig se replier sur soi-même ;▶ turn in [sth], turn [sth] in ○1 ( hand in) rendre [membership, badge, homework] ;2 ( produce) to turn in a profit rapporter un bénéfice ; to turn in a good performance [player] bien jouer ; [company] avoir de bons résultats ; [currency, share] augmenter ;3 (give up, stop) laisser tomber ○ [job, activity] ;▶ turn [sb] in, turn in [sb] livrer [suspect] (to à) ;▶ turn oneself in se livrer.■ turn off:▶ turn off1 ( leave road) tourner ; turn off at the next exit prends la prochaine sortie ;2 [motor, fan] s'arrêter ; where does the light turn off? où est-ce qu'on éteint la lumière? ;▶ turn off [sth], turn [sth] off éteindre [light, oven, TV, radio, computer] ; fermer [tap] ; couper [water, gas, electricity, engine] ; turn that rubbish off! ○ éteins-moi ça! ○ ;■ turn on:▶ turn on [oven, device] s'allumer ;▶ turn on [sth], turn [sth] on allumer [light, oven, TV, radio, computer, gas, electricity] ; ouvrir [tap] ; to turn the water back on rouvrir l'eau ; to turn the electricity back on rétablir le courant ; to turn sth on like a tap fig faire qch sur commande ; to turn on the pressure fig mettre la pression ; ⇒ charm, heat ;▶ turn [sb] on, turn on [sb] ○ exciter ; to be turned on être excité (by par) ; to turn sb on to sth ○ brancher ○ qn sur [drug].■ turn out:▶ turn out1 ( be eventually) to turn out well/badly bien/mal se terminer ; to turn out differently prendre une tournure différente ; to turn out all right s'arranger ; it depends how things turn out cela dépend de la façon dont les choses vont tourner ; that child will turn out badly cet enfant tournera mal ; to turn out to be ( prove to be) se révéler, s'avérer être ; to turn out to be wrong se révéler faux ; the job turned out (to be) difficult finalement le travail a été difficile, le travail s'est avéré difficile fml ; it turned out to be a good decision finalement cela a été une bonne décision, cela s'est avéré être une bonne décision fml ; it turns out that il se trouve que, il s'avère que ; it turned out (that) she knew him il s'est trouvé qu'elle le connaissait ; as it turned out en fin de compte ;2 ( come out) [crowd, people] venir (to do pour faire ; for à) ; the fans turn out every Saturday les fans sont là tous les samedis ; we had to turn out at six GB il fallait être là à six heures ;3 ( point outwards) his toes ou feet turn out il a les pieds tournés en dehors ;▶ turn [sth] out, turn out [sth]1 ( turn off) éteindre [light] ;4 to turn one's toes ou feet out marcher en canard ;▶ turn [sb] out, turn out [sb]1 ( evict) mettre [qn] à la porte ; to turn sb out into the street jeter qn à la rue ;■ turn over:1 ( roll over) [person] se retourner ; [car] se retourner, faire un tonneau ; [boat] se retourner, chavirer ; to turn over and over [person, object] faire plusieurs tours ; [car] faire plusieurs tonneaux ;2 ( turn page) tourner la page ;3 [engine] se mettre en marche ;▶ turn [sth/sb] over, turn over [sth/sb]1 ( turn) tourner [page, paper] ; retourner [card, object, mattress, soil, baby, patient] ; faire chavirer [ship] ; he turned the car over sa voiture a fait un tonneau ;2 ( hand over) remettre [object, money, find, papers] (to à) ; livrer [person, fugitive] (to à) ; remettre la succession de [company, business] (to à) ; transmettre [control, power] (to à) ; I'm turning the new recruits over to you les nouvelles recrues sont à vous ;3 ( reflect) I've been turning it over in my mind j'y ai bien réfléchi ;6 [battery, starter motor] faire tourner [engine].■ turn to† GB se mettre au travail, s'y mettre.■ turn up:▶ turn up1 (arrive, show up) arriver, se pointer ○ (to, at à ; for pour) ; to turn up late arriver en retard ; to turn up in jeans se pointer ○ en jean ; she didn't turn up elle ne s'est pas pointée ○ ; guess who turned up at the station devine qui s'est pointé ○ à la gare ;2 ( be found) don't worry-it will turn up ne t'inquiète pas-tu finiras par le retrouver ;3 ( present itself) [opportunity, job] se présenter ; something will turn up (for me/for you etc) je finirai/tu finiras etc par trouver quelque chose ;▶ turn up [sth], turn [sth] up1 (increase, intensify) augmenter [heating, lighting, volume, gas] ; mettre [qch] plus fort [TV, radio, music] ;3 ( discover) déterrer [buried object] ; [person] dénicher ○ [discovery, information] ; facts turned up by the inquiry faits révélés or mis au jour par l'enquête. -
15 up
up❢ Up appears frequently in English as the second element of phrasal verbs ( get up, pick up etc). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry (get, pick etc).A adj1 ( out of bed) she's up elle est levée ; they're often up early/late ils se lèvent souvent tôt/tard ; we were up very late last night nous nous sommes couchés très tard hier soir ; they were up all night ils ont veillé toute la nuit ; she was up all night waiting for them elle a passé toute la nuit à les attendre ; I was still up at 2 am j'étais toujours debout à 2 heures du matin ; John isn't up yet John n'est pas encore levé ; we arrived before anyone was up quand nous sommes arrivés, personne n'était encore levé or tout le monde dormait encore ;2 (higher in amount, level) sales/prices/interest rates are up (by 10%) les ventes/les prix/les taux d'intérêt ont augmenté (de 10%) ; shares/numbers of students are up les actions sont/le nombre d'étudiants est en hausse ; tourism/production is up (by) 5% le tourisme/la production a augmenté de 5% ; his temperature is up 2 degrees sa température a augmenté de 2° ; oranges/carrots are up again le prix des oranges/carottes augmente de nouveau ; sales/prices are 10% up on last year les ventes/les prix ont augmenté de 10% par rapport à l'an dernier ; I came out of the deal £5,000 up j'ai fait 5 000 livres sterling de bénéfice dans cette affaire ;3 ○ ( wrong) what's up? qu'est-ce qui se passe? ; what's up with him? qu'est-ce qu'il lui arrive? ; is there something up? est-ce qu'il y a quelque chose qui ne va pas? ; there's something up il y a quelque chose qui ne va pas ; there's something up with him/your dad il/ton père n'a pas l'air bien ; what's up with the TV? qu'est-ce qu'elle a la télé? ; what's up with your arm? qu'est-ce que tu as au bras? ; there's something up with the brakes il y a un problème avec les freins ; there's something up with my back mon dos me fait mal ;4 (erected, affixed) the notice/the photograph is up on the board l'annonce/la photographie est affichée sur le panneau ; is the tent up? est-ce que la tente est déjà montée? ; the building will be up in three months time le bâtiment sera terminé dans trois mois ; how long have those curtains been up? depuis quand est-ce que ces rideaux sont pendus or là? ; he had his hand up for five minutes il a gardé la main levée pendant cinq minutes ;5 ( open) he had his umbrella up il avait son parapluie ouvert ; the hood GB of the car was up la capote de la voiture était fermée ; the blinds were up les stores étaient levés ; when the switch/lever is up the machine is off si le bouton/levier est vers le haut la machine est arrêtée ; when the barrier is up you can go through quand la barrière est levée vous pouvez passer ;6 ( finished) ‘time's up!’ ‘le temps est épuisé!’ ; his leave/military service is almost up son congé/service militaire est presque terminé ; when the four days/months were up à la fin des quatre jours/mois ; it's all up ○ with this government c'est la fin du gouvernement ; it's all up ○ with him il est fini ○ ;7 ( facing upwards) ‘this side up’ (on parcel, box) ‘haut’ ; he was lying/floating face up il était allongé/flottait sur le dos ; the bread landed with the buttered side up la tartine est tombée côté beurré vers le haut ;8 ( rising) the river is up la rivière est en crue ; the wind is up le vent est fort ; his colour's up il est tout rouge ; his blood's up fig la moutarde lui monte au nez ;9 ( pinned up) her hair was up elle avait les cheveux relevés ;10 ( cheerful) he's up at the moment il est en forme en ce moment ;12 ( in upward direction) the up escalator l'escalator® qui monte ;13 ( on trial) to be up before a judge passer devant le tribunal ; he's up for murder/fraud il est accusé de meurtre/fraude ;B adv1 ( high) up here/there là-haut ; up on the wardrobe/the top shelf/the hill sur l'armoire/l'étagère la plus haute/la colline ; up in the tree/the clouds dans l'arbre/les nuages ; up at the top of the house tout en haut de la maison ; up on top of the mountain au sommet de la montagne ; up in London à Londres ; up to/in Scotland en Écosse ; up to Aberdeen à Aberdeen ; up North au nord ; four floors up from here quatre étages au-dessus ; I live two floors up j'habite au deuxième étage ; he lives ten floors up from her il habite dix étages au-dessus d'elle ; on the second shelf up sur la deuxième étagère en partant du bas ; I'm on my way up je monte ; I'll be right up je monte tout de suite ; he's on his way up to see you/to the fifth floor il est en train de monter vous voir/au cinquième étage ; it needs to be a bit further up ( picture etc) il faut le mettre un peu plus haut ; all the way up jusqu'en haut, jusqu'au sommet ;2 ( ahead) d'avance ; to be four points up (on sb) avoir quatre points d'avance (sur qn) ; they were two goals up ils menaient avec deux buts d'avance ; she's 40-15 up ( in tennis) elle mène 40-15 ;3 ( upwards) t-shirts from £2 up des t-shirts à partir de deux livres ; from (the age of) 14 up à partir de 14 ans ; everyone in the company from the cleaning lady up tout le monde dans l'entreprise, de la femme de ménage au patron ;4 (at, to high status) to be up with ou among the best/the leaders faire partie des meilleurs/des leaders ; up the workers! vive les travailleurs! ; ‘up with Manchester United’ ‘vive Manchester United’.C prep1 (at, to higher level) up the tree dans l'arbre ; up a ladder sur une échelle ; the library is up the stairs la bibliothèque se trouve en haut de l'escalier ; he ran up the stairs il a monté l'escalier en courant ; the road up the mountain la route qui gravit la montagne ; the spider crawled up my back l'araignée a grimpé le long de mon dos ; the pipe runs up the front of the house le tuyau monte le long de la façade de la maison ;2 ( in direction) the shops are up the road les magasins sont plus loin dans la rue ; she lives up that road there elle habite dans cette rue ; he lives just up the road il habite juste à côté ; the boathouse is further up the river le hangar à bateaux est plus loin au bord de la rivière ; his office is up the corridor from mine son bureau est dans le même couloir que le mien ; he walked up the road singing il a remonté la rue en chantant ; the car drove up the road la voiture a remonté la rue ; I saw him go up that road there je l'ai vu partir dans cette rue ; she's got water up her nose elle a de l'eau dans le nez ; he put it up his sleeve il l'a mis dans sa manche ;E up against prep phr lit up against the wall contre le mur ; fig to be up ou come up against difficulties/opposition rencontrer des difficultés/de l'opposition ; they're up against a very strong team ils sont confrontés à une équipe très forte ; it helps to know what you are up against il faut savoir ce contre quoi on se bat ; we're really up against it on a vraiment des problèmes.F up and about adv phr ( out of bed) debout, réveillé ; ( after illness) to be up and about again être de nouveau sur pied.1 ( to and fro) to walk ou pace up and down aller et venir, faire les cent pas ; he was walking up and down the garden il faisait les cent pas dans le jardin ; they travelled up and down the country ils ont sillonné le pays ; she's been up and down all night ( in and out of bed) elle n'a pas arrêté de se lever pendant la nuit ; he's a bit up and down at the moment fig ( depressed) il n'a pas le moral en ce moment ; ( ill) il n'est pas en forme en ce moment ;2 ( throughout) up and down the country/region dans tout le pays/toute la région.H up and running adj phr, adv phr to be up and running [company, project] bien marcher ; [system] bien fonctionner ; to get sth up and running faire marcher or fonctionner qch.I up for prep phr he's up for election il se présente aux élections ; the subject up for discussion/consideration is… le sujet qu'on aborde/considère est…1 ( to particular level) jusqu'à ; up to here jusqu'ici ; up to there jusque là ; I was up to my knees in water j'étais dans l'eau jusqu'aux genoux ;2 ( as many as) jusqu'à, près de ; up to 20 people/50 dollars jusqu'à 20 personnes/50 dollars ; up to 500 people arrive every day près de 500 personnes arrivent tous les jours ; reductions of up to 50% des réductions qui peuvent atteindre 50% ; tax on profits of up to £150,000 les impôts sur les bénéfices de moins de 150 000 livres sterling ; to work for up to 12 hours a day travailler jusqu'à 12 heures par jour ; a hotel for up to 500 people un hôtel qui peut accueillir jusqu'à 500 personnes ;3 ( until) jusqu'à ; up to 1964 jusqu'en 1964 ; up to 10.30 pm jusqu'à 22 h 30 ; up to now jusqu'à maintenant ; up to chapter two jusqu'au chapitre deux ;4 ( good enough for) I'm not up to it ( not capable) je n'en suis pas capable ; ( not well enough) je n'en ai pas la force ; I'm not up to going to London/going back to work je n'ai pas le courage d'aller à Londres/de retourner travailler ; I'm not up to writing a book je ne suis pas capable d'écrire un livre ; the play wasn't up to much la pièce n'était pas formidable ; this piece of work wasn't up to your usual standard ce travail n'est pas au niveau de ce que vous faites d'habitude ;5 ( expressing responsibility) it's up to you/him to do c'est à toi/lui de faire ; ‘shall I leave?’-‘it's up to you!’ ‘est-ce que je devrais partir?’-‘c'est à toi de décider!’ ; if it were up to me/him si ça dépendait de moi/de lui ;6 ( doing) what is he up to? qu'est-ce qu'il fait? ; what are those children up to? qu'est-ce qu'ils fabriquent ○ ces enfants? ; they're up to something ils mijotent ○ quelque chose.L ○ vi ( p prés etc - pp-) he upped and left/hit him tout d'un coup il s'est levé et il est parti/l'a frappé ; she upped and married someone else elle a épousé quelqu'un d'autre sans attendre.the company is on the up and up ça marche très bien pour l'entreprise ; to be one up on sb faire mieux que qn ; to be up for it ○ être partant ○ ; to be (well) up on s'y connaître en [art, history etc] ; être au courant de [news, developments, changes] ; the ups and downs les hauts et les bas (of de) ; up yours ◑ ! va te faire foutre ◑ ! -
16 fall
fall [fɔ:l]chute ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d), 1 (e), 1 (k) baisse ⇒ 1 (f), 1 (g) automne ⇒ 1 (j) tomber ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (f)-(h), 2 (j)-(m) se laisser tomber ⇒ 2 (b) s'écrouler ⇒ 2 (c) s'assombrir ⇒ 2 (i) cascade ⇒ 41 noun∎ have you had a fall? êtes-vous tombé?, avez-vous fait une chute?;∎ a fall from a horse une chute de cheval;∎ a forty-metre fall une chute de quarante mètres;∎ literary the fall of night la tombée de la nuit;∎ to be heading or riding for a fall courir à l'échec;∎ the government is riding for a fall le gouvernement va au-devant de la défaite(b) (of rain, snow) chute f;∎ there was a heavy fall of snow overnight il y a eu de fortes chutes de neige dans la nuit(d) (collapse → of building, wall) chute f, effondrement m; (→ of dirt, rock) éboulement m, chute f; (→ of city, country) chute f, capitulation f; (→ of regime) chute f, renversement m;∎ the fall of the Roman Empire la chute de l'Empire romain;∎ the fall of the Bastille la prise de la Bastille(e) (ruin → of person) perte f, ruine f;∎ Religion the Fall (of Man) la chute (de l'homme)(f) (decrease → in price, income, shares, temperature) baisse f (in de); (→ in currency) dépréciation f, baisse f (in de); (more marked) chute f (in de); (→ of barometer, in pressure) chute f (in de)∎ the fall of her gown le drapé de sa robe, la façon dont tombe sa robe∎ in the fall en automne(a) (barrier, cup, napkin, water, person) tomber;∎ the napkin fell to the floor la serviette est tombée par terre;∎ I slipped and fell on the ice j'ai dérapé sur la glace et je suis tombé;∎ the child fell into the pond l'enfant est tombé dans la mare;∎ she fell off the stool/out of the window elle est tombée du tabouret/par la fenêtre;∎ to fall 20 feet tomber de 20 pieds;∎ he fell over the pile of books il est tombé en butant contre le tas de livres;∎ just let your arms fall to your sides laissez simplement vos bras pendre ou tomber sur les côtés;∎ he fell in a heap on the floor il s'est affaissé ou il est tombé comme une masse;∎ he fell full length il est tombé de tout son long;∎ the crowd fell on or to their knees la foule est tombée à genoux;∎ he fell at her feet to ask forgiveness il est tombé à genoux devant elle pour lui demander pardon;∎ she did let fall a few hints elle a fait effectivement quelques allusions;∎ the book fell open at page 20 le livre s'est ouvert à la page 20;∎ also figurative to fall on one's feet retomber sur ses pieds;∎ a cat always falls on its feet un chat retombe toujours sur ses pattes;∎ I fell flat on my face je suis tombé à plat ventre ou face contre terre; familiar figurative je me suis planté;∎ his only joke fell flat la seule plaisanterie qu'il a faite est tombée à plat;∎ the scheme fell flat le projet est tombé à l'eau;∎ despite all their efforts, the party fell flat en dépit de leurs efforts, la soirée a fait un flop;∎ to fall to bits or to pieces tomber en morceaux;∎ all her good intentions fell by the wayside toutes ses bonnes intentions sont tombées à l'eau;∎ the job fell short of her expectations le poste ne répondait pas à ses attentes(b) (move deliberately) se laisser tomber;∎ I fell into the armchair je me suis laissé tomber dans le fauteuil;∎ they fell into one another's arms ils sont tombés dans les bras l'un de l'autre(c) (bridge, building) s'écrouler, s'effondrer∎ Religion to fall from grace perdre la grâce; figurative tomber en disgrâce∎ after a long siege the city fell après un long siège, la ville a capitulé;∎ Constantinople fell to the Turks Constantinople est tombée aux mains des Turcs(g) (darkness, light, night, rain, snow) tomber;∎ as night fell à la tombée de la nuit;∎ the tree's shadow fell across the lawn l'arbre projetait son ombre sur la pelouse(h) (land → eyes, blow, weapon) tomber;∎ my eyes fell on the letter mon regard est tombé sur la lettre(i) (face, spirits) s'assombrir;∎ at the sight of her, his face fell quand il l'a vue, son visage s'est assombri ou s'est allongé;∎ my spirits fell tout d'un coup, j'ai perdu le moral(j) (hang down) tomber, descendre;∎ the curtains fall right to the floor les rideaux tombent ou descendent jusqu'au sol;∎ the fabric falls in gentle folds ce tissu retombe en faisant de jolis plis;∎ his hair fell to his shoulders ses cheveux lui descendaient ou tombaient jusqu'aux épaules;∎ his hair keeps falling into his eyes ses cheveux n'arrêtent pas de lui tomber dans les yeux(k) (decrease in level, value → price, temperature) baisser, tomber; (→ pressure) baisser, diminuer; (→ wind) tomber;∎ the thermometer/temperature has fallen ten degrees le thermomètre/la température a baissé de dix degrés;∎ their voices fell to a whisper ils se sont mis à chuchoter;∎ the boss fell in our esteem le patron a baissé dans notre estime(l) (issue forth) tomber, s'échapper;∎ curses fell from her lips elle laissa échapper des jurons;∎ the tears started to fall il/elle se mit à pleurer∎ May Day falls on a Tuesday this year le Premier Mai tombe un mardi cette année;∎ the accent falls on the third syllable l'accent tombe sur la troisième syllabe∎ a great sadness fell over the town une grande tristesse s'abattit sur la ville;∎ a hush fell among or over the crowd tout d'un coup, la foule s'est tue∎ to fall asleep s'endormir;∎ the child fell fast asleep l'enfant est tombé dans un profond sommeil;∎ the bill falls due on the 6th la facture arrive à échéance le 6;∎ he will fall heir to a vast fortune il va hériter d'une grande fortune;∎ to fall ill or sick tomber malade;∎ to fall pregnant tomber enceinte;∎ to fall in love (with sb) tomber amoureux (de qn);∎ to fall silent se taire;∎ it falls vacant in February (job) il se trouvera vacant au mois de février; (apartment) il se trouvera libre ou il se libérera au mois de février;∎ to fall victim to sth être victime de qch;∎ she fell victim to depression elle a fait une dépression∎ the young men who fell in battle les jeunes tombés au champ d'honneur∎ the athletes fall into two categories les sportifs se divisent en deux catégories;∎ these facts fall under another category ces faits entrent dans une autre catégorie;∎ that falls outside my area of responsibility cela ne relève pas de ma responsabilité;∎ that does not fall within the scope of our agreement ceci n'entre pas dans le cadre de ou ne fait pas partie de notre accord∎ the fortune fell to his niece c'est sa nièce qui a hérité de sa fortune∎ two English wickets fell on the first day deux batteurs anglais ont été éliminés le premier jourAmerican (colours, weather) d'automne, automnal(waterfall) cascade f, chute f d'eau;∎ Niagara Falls les chutes fpl du NiagaraHunting fall trap assommoir m∎ they fell about (laughing) ils se tordaient de rire(a) (book, furniture) tomber en morceaux; figurative (nation) se désagréger; (conference) échouer; (system) s'écrouler, s'effondrer;∎ her plans fell apart at the seams ses projets sont tombés à l'eau;∎ her life was falling apart toute sa vie s'écroulait;∎ their marriage is falling apart leur mariage est en train de se briser ou va à vau-l'eau∎ he more or less fell apart after his wife's death il a plus ou moins craqué après la mort de sa femme(a) (paint, plaster) s'écailler∎ support for his policies is beginning to fall away dans la politique qu'il mène il commence à perdre ses appuis(d) (land, slope) s'affaisser(c) (lag, trail) se laisser distancer, être à la traîne∎ to fall back two points se replier de deux points∎ to fall back on sth avoir recours à qch;∎ it's good to have something to fall back on (skill) c'est bien de pouvoir se raccrocher à quelque chose; (money) il vaut mieux avoir d'autres ressources;∎ he knew he could always fall back on his parents il savait qu'il pouvait compter sur ses parentsse laisser distancer, être à la traîne; Sport se laisser distancer; (in cycling) décrocher;∎ she fell behind in or with her work elle a pris du retard dans son travail;∎ they've fallen behind with their reading ils ont pris du retard dans leurs lectures;∎ we can't fall behind in or with the rent nous ne pouvons pas être en retard pour le loyerprendre du retard sur;∎ he's fallen behind the rest of the class il a pris du retard sur le reste de la classe∎ that house looks as if it's about to fall down on dirait que cette maison va s'écrouler(b) (argument, comparison) s'écrouler, s'effondrer;∎ where the whole thing falls down is… là où plus rien ne tient debout ou où tout s'écroule c'est…∎ to fall down on sth échouer à qch;∎ he's been falling down on the job lately il n'était pas ou ne s'est pas montré à la hauteur dernièrement(a) (become infatuated with) tomber amoureux de□ ;∎ they fell for each other ils sont tombés amoureux l'un de l'autre;∎ they really fell for Spain in a big way ils ont vraiment été emballés par l'Espagne(b) (be deceived by) se laisser prendre par□ ;∎ they really fell for it! ils ont vraiment mordu!, ils se sont vraiment fait avoir!;∎ don't fall for that hard luck story of his ne te fais pas avoir quand il te raconte qu'il a la poisse;∎ I'm not falling for that one! ça ne prend pas!, à d'autres!∎ you'll fall in! tu vas tomber dedans!;∎ he leant too far over the side of the boat and fell in il s'est trop penché hors du bateau et il est tombé(c) (line up) se mettre en rang, s'aligner; Military (troops) former les rangs; (one soldier) rentrer dans les rangs;∎ fall in! à vos rangs!(a) (tumble into) tomber dans;∎ they fell into the trap ils sont tombés dans le piège;∎ to fall into sb's clutches or sb's hands tomber dans les griffes de qn, tomber entre les mains de qn;∎ figurative the pieces began to fall into place les éléments ont commencé à se mettre en place∎ she fell into conversation with the stranger elle est entrée en conversation avec l'étranger∎ to fall in with sb se mettre à fréquenter qn;∎ she fell in with a bad crowd elle s'est mise à fréquenter des gens louches∎ I'll fall in with whatever you decide to do je me rangerai à ce que tu décideras∎ the leaves of this plant are falling off les feuilles de cette plante tombent, cette plante perd ses feuilles;∎ she fell off the bicycle/horse elle est tombée du vélo/de cheval(b) (diminish → attendance, exports, numbers, sales) diminuer, baisser; (→ profits) diminuer; (→ enthusiasm, production) baisser, tomber; (→ population, rate) baisser, décroître; (→ speed) ralentir; (→ interest, zeal) se relâcher; (→ popularity) baisser; (→ wind) tomber∎ something fell on my head j'ai reçu quelque chose sur la tête∎ the starving children fell on the food les enfants, affamés, se sont jetés sur la nourriture;∎ Military the guerrillas fell on the unsuspecting troops les guérilleros ont fondu sur ou attaqué les troupes sans qu'elles s'y attendent(c) (meet with) tomber sur, trouver;∎ they fell on hard times ils sont tombés dans la misère, ils ont subi des revers de fortune(d) (of responsibility) revenir à, incomber à;∎ suspicion falls on them c'est eux que l'on soupçonne;∎ responsibility for looking after them falls on me c'est à moi qu'il incombe de prendre soin d'eux(a) (drop out) tomber;∎ the keys must have fallen out of my pocket les clés ont dû tomber de ma poche;∎ his hair is falling out ses cheveux tombent, il perd ses cheveux∎ she's fallen out with her boyfriend elle est ou s'est brouillée avec son petit ami∎ as things fell out en fin de compte∎ fall out! rompez!∎ she was falling over herself to make us feel welcome elle se mettait en quatre pour nous faire bon accueil;∎ the men were falling over each other to help her les hommes ne savaient pas quoi inventer pour l'aider(fail) échouer;∎ the deal fell through l'affaire n'a pas abouti;∎ all our plans fell through at the last minute tous nos projets sont tombés à l'eau au dernier moment➲ fall to∎ we fell to work nous nous sommes mis à l'œuvre;∎ we all fell to talking about the past nous nous sommes tous mis à parler du passé(b) (devolve upon) appartenir à, incomber à;∎ the task that falls to us is not an easy one la tâche qui nous incombe ou revient n'est pas facile;∎ it fell to her to break the news to him ce fut à elle de lui annoncer la nouvelle∎ (eat) he brought in the food and they fell to il a apporté à manger et ils se sont jetés dessus;∎ she fell to as if she hadn't eaten for a week elle a attaqué comme si elle n'avait rien mangé depuis huit jours∎ Military the army fell upon the enemy l'armée s'est abattue ou a fondu sur l'ennemi;∎ they fell upon the food ils se sont jetés sur la nourriture(b) (meet with) tomber sur, trouver;∎ the family fell upon hard times la famille a subi des revers de fortune -
17 mark
̈ɪmɑ:k I сущ.
1) марка (денежная единица Германии)
2) марка (старинная английская монета) II
1. сущ.
1) знак;
метка mark of exclamation ≈ восклицательный знак - "!" accent mark, stress mark ≈ знак ударения diacritical mark ≈ диакритический знак punctuation mark ≈ знак препинания question mark, mark of interrogation ≈ знак вопроса, вопросительный знак quotation mark ≈ кавычка marks of omission ≈ многоточие
2) а) штамп, штемпель б) фабричная марка, фабричное клеймо;
торговая марка в) ярлык;
ценник
3) метка, ориентир;
зарубка;
веха
4) спорт линия старта, старт
5) а) отпечаток, след to leave, make one's mark ≈ оставлять след What made those marks on the wall? ≈ От чего остались такие следы на стене? They will leave their mark on history. ≈ Они оставят след в истории. distinguishing mark ≈ отличительный знак/признак, примета indelible mark ≈ неизгладимый след б) шрам, рубец
6) показатель, признак mark of respect ≈ знак уважения Syn: characteristic
7) мишень, цель If that was meant to be an apology, your words were way off the mark. ≈ Если предполагалось, что это извинение, то ваши слова не достигли цели. Syn: target, goal, objective, intent, point, track, bull's-eye
8) норма;
уровень, стандарт;
критерий, мерило The employee's work has been below the mark this week. ≈ Работа служащего на этой неделе была ниже всех уровней. above the mark below the mark up to the mark within the mark Syn: standard, criterion, yardstick, touchstone
9) балл, отметка;
оценка( знаний) The student received passing marks in all subjects. ≈ Студент получил проходные баллы по всем предметам. Syn: grade;
rating
10) известность to make one's mark ≈ выдвинуться, отличиться;
сделать карьеру;
приобрести известность of mark ≈ известный( о человеке)
11) ист. рубеж;
марка (пограничная область) ∙ easy mark soft mark
2. гл.
1) ставить знак, ставить метку
2) а) штамповать, штемпелевать б) ставить фабричную марку, торговую марку в) ставить цену( на товаре)
3) отмечать, обозначать, размечать, ставить метки, вехи
4) а) оставить след, пятно;
тж. перен. That wet glass will mark the table. ≈ Этот мокрый стакан оставит след на столе. б) оставлять шрам, рубец (и т. п.) ∙ Syn: spot, streak, stain;
scratch, scar, cut, nick, dent, leave an impression on, pock, pit
5) а) ставить балл, отметку, оценивать The teacher marked the examination papers. ≈ Учитель проставил оценки в экзаменационных работах. Syn: grade, correct, judge, rate б) записывать (очки в игре)
6) отмечать, характеризовать, показывать Well-kept houses mark a good neighborhood. ≈ Дома, которые содержатся в порядке, являются показателем хорошего соседского окружения. Syn: indicate, reveal, disclose, show, point out, designate, denote;
characterize, typify, symbolize
7) обращать внимание, замечать, запоминать
8) (за) регистрировать биржевую сделку (с включением ее в официальную котировку) ∙ mark down mark off mark out mark up mark time знак - punctuation *s знаки препинания - exclamation * восклицательный знак;
знак факториала - interrogation *, * of interrogation вопросительный знак - * of accent ударение, знак ударения - * of cadency (геральдика) знак принадлежности к младшей линии - he could not write his name but he made his * он поставил крест вместо подписи - John Smith, his * крест (поставленный вместо подписи) Джона Смита метка, пометка - to put a * against smb.'s name поставить галочку против чьего-л. имени - there were no (laundry) *s on his linen на его белье не было меток (прачечной) штамп, штемпель клеймо, тавро;
фабричная марка, фабричное клеймо;
торговый знак штемпель (которым ставится фабричное клеймо) ярлык (с указанием цены;
ценник (тж. price *) ориентир;
метка;
зарубка;
веха - the tower was a * for fliers башня служила ориентиром для летчиков - he went by *s left on the trees он двигался по зарубкам на деревьях, зарубки на деревьях служили ему ориентиром отметка, черта - check * (спортивное) контрольная метка - the * on the scale отметка на шкале - high-water * (морское) отметка уровня полной воды, уровень прилива;
высшее достижение /-ая точка/;
кульминационный пункт - low-water * (морское) отметка уровня малой воды, низшая точка отлива;
(низший) предел, самый низкий уровень - the * on the sounding-line (морское) метка или указатель на лотлине - Plimsoll's * (морское) марка Плимсола, грузовая марка( спортивное) линия старта, старт - to get off the * стартовать, взять старт - to toe the * встать на стартовую черту - on your *s! на старт!;
по местам! (спортивное) линия финиша след - tyre *s следы шин - you have left /made/ dirty *s on the floor вы наследили на полу шрам, рубец;
порез, царапина - there were *s of smallpox on his face его лицо было изрыто оспой след, отпечаток - *s of illness следы болезни - your association with him has left its * on you твое общение с ним наложило на тебя отпечаток /не прошло для тебя бесследно/ - sorrow left its * on her face горе оставило следы на ее лице - his novel bears *s of haste видно, что этот роман писался в спешке( родимое) пятно, родинка (тж. mother's *) - they identified her by the * on her arm они опознали ее по родимому пятну на руке - a horse with a white * on its head лошадь с белым пятном /с белой звездой/ на голове норма;
стандарт;
уровень - (to be) below /beneath/ the * (быть) ниже принятой /установленной/ нормы, (быть) ниже должного уровня;
(быть) не на высоте (положения) - to be near the * приближаться к принятой /установленной/ норме, приближаться к принятому /установленному/ стандарту - (to be) within the * (быть /находиться/) в пределах принятой /установленной/ нормы - (to be) up to the * (быть) на должной высоте - to keep smb. up to the * добиваться от кого-л. хороших показателей;
(быть) в хорошем состоянии /в хорошей форме, в добром здравии/ - he doesn't feel quite up to the * он неважно себя чувствует, он не в форме - to overstep the *, to go beyond the * выходить за границы дозволенного, переходить границы;
зайти слишком далеко, хватить через край отметка, балл, оценка (знаний, поведения) - bad * плохая отметка;
что-л. говорящее не в пользу( кого-л.) ;
то, что можно поставить в минус( кому-л.;
тж. black *) - this is a black * against him это ему припомнят - good * хорошая отметка;
похвала;
почет, что-л. говорящее в пользу ( кого-л.) - good * in English хорошая отметка по английскому языку - the highest * высший балл, высшая оценка - to get a good * at an examination получить хорошую отметку на экзамене - she got top *s in the exam она сдала экзамен на "отлично" - they gave him 8 *s out of 10 он набрал восемь баллов из десяти - I give him full *s for trying я высоко ценю его старательность цель;
мишень - to hit the * попасть в цель;
попасть в точку;
добиться своей цели - to miss /to fall wide of/ the * промахнуться;
не добиться своей цели - to overshoot the * (военное) стрелять с перелетом, давать перелет(ы) - you have overshot the * (разговорное) ты зашел слишком далеко, это ты хватил - far from /wide of, short of, beside/ the * мимо цели;
неправильно;
не по существу;
неуместно, некстати - an answer off the * ответ невпопад - I don't think I am far from the * я не думаю, что я далек от истины - your guess is beside the * вы не угадали - your calculation is beside the * вы неправильно рассчитали - off the * неточно;
ошибочно, неправильно, неверно - you are right /way/ off the * ты ошибаешься;
(разговорное) ты попал пальцем в небо - he was afraid to become a * for talkers он опасался стать мишенью для пересудов признак, показатель - a * of intelligence признак /показатель/ ума - as a * of goodwill в знак расположения - to bear the *(s) of smth. иметь /проявлять, обнаруживать/ признак(и) чего-л. - politeness and consideration for others are *s of a good upbringing вежливость и внимание к окружающим - признак хорошего воспитания /отличительные черты воспитанного человека/ известность;
значительность - a man of * известный /знаменитый/ человек;
значительный человек;
человек, достойный /заслуживающий/ внимания - of great * очень известный, заслуживающий внимания - a man of great * выдающийся человек - of little * малоизвестный, не стоящий внимания - nothing worthy of * occured in your absence в твое отсутствие не произошло ничего примечательного - to make one's * выдвинуться, отличиться;
сделать карьеру;
иметь успех;
приобрести известность - the books that have made their * with the general public книги, которые произвели большое впечатление на широкого читателя (историческое) рубеж, граница;
марка (пограничная область) марка, крестьянская община в средневековой Германии (спортивное) (жаргон) подложечная ямка( грубое) то, что по вкусу помета, знак;
признак стирание зубов у лошади, по которому можно определить ее возраст (тж. * of the mouth) > easy /(амер) soft/ * легкая добыча;
жертва;
доверчивый человек, простак > to toe the * подчиняться требованиям, строго придерживаться правил;
выполнять свой долг > to be at low-water * быть без гроша( в кармане), быть на мели > (God) bless /save/ the * с позволения сказать;
боже упаси;
подумать только ставить знак, метку - to * the accent ставить ударение /знак ударения/ - to * books шифровать книги (в библиотеке) - to * the linen метить белье (для прачечной) - two of the pupils were *ed absent два ученика были отмечены как отсутствующие - he *ed the date in his diary он отметил этот день в своем ежедневнике штамповать, штемпелевать клеймить, таврить (скот) маркировать;
ставить фабричную марку, фабричное клеймо или торговый знак - all furs are plainly *ed as to the country of origin на всех шкурах (мехах) стоит клеймо страны-экспортера - these goods were *ed "best quality" на этих товарах была этикетка "высшего качества" (по) ставить расценку (на товаре) - the prices of these goods are all clearly *ed on them цены этих товаров четко указаны на них отмечать, обозначать (место) ;
размечать;
расставлять указательные значки - he *ed the passage I was to read он отметил отрывок, который мне следовало прочесть - this sign-post *s the direction на этом столбе указано направление - to * the trees делать зарубки на деревьях наносить( на карту) - to * a place on the map отметить место на карте - is our village *ed on this map? наша деревня нанесена на эту карту? отмечать;
указывать( на шкале) - the thermometer *ed 40 degrees in the shade термометр показывал 40 градусов в тени - this hand *s the minutes эта стрелка показывает минуты оставлять след, пятно - the wet cups have *ed the table badly стол испортили, потому что ставили на него мокрые чашки - his hobnails *ed the floor его кованые башмаки оставляли следы на паркете оставаться( о следе) - this table *s very easily, don't put the hot cup on it не ставь на этот стол горячий чайник, на нем сразу останется след оставлять шрам, рубец - his face was *ed with smallpox его лицо было обезображено оспой оставлять след, отпечаток - her face was *ed with suffering по ее лицу было видно, что она много страдала в жизни pass иметь родимые пятна или естественные метины - wings *ed with white lines крылья с белыми полосами выставлять отметку, балл (на письменной работе) - to * an exercise проверять письменные упражнения - the teacher *ed the examination papers преподаватель выставил отметки на экзаменационных письменных работах выставлять балл (за выступление в соревнованиях, в конкурсе и т. п.) - the judges *ed his performance very high судьи высоко оценили его выступление вести счет, записывать очки ( в игре) отмечать, характеризовать;
отличать, выделять - such qualities usually * a great scientist подобные качества обычно свойственны /присущи/ большим ученым - this novel *s him as a great author этот роман ставит его в ряд великих писателей - great scientific discoveries *ed the 19th century девятнадцатый век был отмечен великими научными открытиями - his reign was *ed by great reforms его царствование ознаменовалось серьезными реформами - her manner is not *ed by politeness ее поведение не отличается вежливостью отмечать, ознаменовывать - to * the occasion отметить событие - he called for champaign to * the event он велел подать шампанского, чтобы отпраздновать это событие - the event was *ed by everyone все отметили /отпраздновали/ это событие - his discovery *ed an era in science его открытие ознаменовало новую эпоху в науке выражать, проявлять - they *ed their approval by clapping они выразили свое одобрение аплодисментами - he *ed his displeasure by a frown он выразил свое неодобрение недовольной гримасой - this *s the trend of public opinion это отражает настроение общественного мнения замечать, запоминать - * him well запомни его хорошенько - * my words запомните мои слова;
попомните мои слова;
помяните мое слово - * you, I don't agree with all he says заметьте, я согласен не со всем, что он говорит - * carefully how it is done /how to do it/ следи и запоминай, как это делается замечать, наблюдать - he was *ed by everyone его все заметили - I could * him well я его хорошо видел (книжное) назначать, предназначать;
предопределять - his abilities *ed him for success его способности сулили ему успех - he was *ed for greatness by his extraordinary talents при таких необыкновенных способностях его, несомненно, ждало большое будущее - he was *ed for death by his doctors врачи приговорили его к смерти - if we are *ed to die... если нам суждено умереть... опекать, прикрывать( игрока - футбол) > to * time (военное) обозначать шаг на месте > * time, march! на месте шагом марш! (команда) ;
топтаться на месте;
выжидать;
тянуть время, медлить, волынить марка (денежная единица в Германии) марка (мера веса, особ. золота или серебра) марка (старинная английская монета) ~ граница, предел;
норма;
уровень;
above the mark выше принятой (или установленной) нормы;
below the mark не на высоте (положения) accent ~ полигр. знак ударения address ~ вчт. метка адреса ~ граница, предел;
норма;
уровень;
above the mark выше принятой (или установленной) нормы;
below the mark не на высоте (положения) boundary ~ ограничительный знак certification ~ знак сертификации collective ~ общая торговая марка customs ~ таможенная отметка deceptive ~ поддельное клеймо device ~ фирменный знак устройства device ~ эмблема easy (амер. soft) ~ разг. доверчивый человек, простак easy (амер. soft) ~ разг. легкая добыча;
жертва far from (или wide of) the ~ мимо цели;
перен. неуместно;
не по существу;
beside the mark некстати freeboard ~ грузовая марка ~ спорт. линия старта, старт;
to get off the mark стартовать, взять старт group trade ~ торговая марка группы guide ~ отметка, метка hash ~ вчт. диез hash ~ воен. разг. нарукавная нашивка highwater ~ высшее достижение;
высшая точка( чего-л.) highwater ~ уровень полной воды ~ цель, мишень;
to hit (to miss) the mark попасть в цель (промахнуться) identification ~ вчт. идентифицирующая метка identifying ~ идентификационная отметка landing ~ ав. посадочный знак leading ~ направляющая отметка load line ~ грузовая марка location ~ док. отметка о месте хранения ~ известность;
to make one's mark выдвинуться, отличиться;
сделать карьеру;
приобрести известность;
of mark известный (о человеке) manufacturer's ~ марка производителя mark балл, отметка;
оценка (знаний) ~ выслеживать (дичь) ~ граница, предел;
норма;
уровень;
above the mark выше принятой (или установленной) нормы;
below the mark не на высоте (положения) ~ записывать (очки в игре) ~ знак, клеймо ~ знак ~ известность;
to make one's mark выдвинуться, отличиться;
сделать карьеру;
приобрести известность;
of mark известный (о человеке) ~ клеймить ~ клеймо ~ крест (вместо подписи неграмотного, напр.: John Smith - his mark) ~ спорт. линия старта, старт;
to get off the mark стартовать, взять старт ~ марка (старинная английская монета) ~ марка (денежная единица Германии) ~ марка, метка ~ марка ~ вчт. маркер ~ маркировать ~ маркировка ~ метить ~ метка;
знак;
mark of interrogation вопросительный знак ~ метка ~ наносить маркировку ~ норма ~ обозначать ~ обращать внимание, замечать, запоминать;
mark my words! попомни(те) мои слова!;
запомни(те) мои слова! ~ ориентир, веха ~ оставить след, пятно, рубец ~ отметить ~ отметка ~ отмечать;
обозначать ~ отмечать, обозначать, регистрировать (сделку) ~ отмечать ~ помета ~ пометить ~ пометка ~ помечать ~ признак, показатель ~ признак ~ пятно, шрам, рубец ~ размечать ~ (за) регистрировать биржевую сделку (с включением ее в официальную котировку) ~ регистрировать сделку ~ ист. рубеж;
марка (пограничная область) ;
(God) save the mark с позволения сказать;
боже упаси ~ след, отпечаток ~ ставить балл, отметку (на школьной работе) ~ ставить знак;
штамповать, штемпелевать;
маркировать;
метить (белье) ~ ставить расценку ~ ставить торговый знак ~ ставить фабричное клеймо ~ ставить фабричную марку ~ (по) ставить цену (на товаре) ~ стандарт ~ уровень, стандарт ~ уровень ~ фабричная марка ~ фабричное клеймо ~ характеризовать, отмечать ~ цель, мишень;
to hit (to miss) the mark попасть в цель (промахнуться) ~ штамп, штемпель;
фабричная марка, фабричное клеймо ~ штамп ~ штемпелевать ~ штемпель ~ down выделять ~ down записывать ~ down размечать ~ down снижать ~ down снизить цену;
занижать( оценку) ~ обращать внимание, замечать, запоминать;
mark my words! попомни(те) мои слова!;
запомни(те) мои слова! ~ метка;
знак;
mark of interrogation вопросительный знак ~ off отделять;
проводить границы;
разграничивать ~ out выделять, предназначать ~ out размечать;
расставлять указательные знаки to ~ time воен. обозначать шаг на месте;
перен. топтаться на месте;
выжидать;
тянуть время, медлить;
волынить ~ up вести счет ~ up делать пометки ~ up надбавлять ~ up повысить цену ~ up повышать цену ~ up покрывать метками ~ up получать продажную цену прибавлением к себестоимости накладных расходов и прибыли misleading ~ вводящий в заблуждение знак mother's ~ родимое пятно name ~ название торговой марки non-registrable trade ~ нерегистрируемая торговая марка ~ известность;
to make one's mark выдвинуться, отличиться;
сделать карьеру;
приобрести известность;
of mark известный (о человеке) Plimsoll ~ грузовая марка (на торговых судах) Plimsoll ~ грузовая марка Plimsoll ~ диск Плимсоля Plimsoll's ~ = Plimsoll line quality ~ знак качества quotation ~ вчт. апостроф quotation ~ вчт. кавычки registered trade ~ зарегистрированный товарный знак repetition ~ знак повторения ~ ист. рубеж;
марка (пограничная область) ;
(God) save the mark с позволения сказать;
боже упаси sealing ~ клеймо sealing ~ пломба service ~ товарный знак standard ~ пробирное клеймо tag ~ вчт. метка признака tag ~ ярлык tape ~ вчт. ленточный маркер top ~ высшая отметка top ~ высший балл trade ~ заводская марка trade ~ товарный знак trade ~ торговая марка trade ~ фабричная марка trade ~ фабричная марка;
торговая марка trade ~ фабричная марка trade ~ фирменный знак up to the ~ в хорошем состоянии, в добром здравии up to the ~ на должной высоте warranty ~ гарантийная отметка well-known trade ~ популярный торговый знак within the ~ в пределах принятой (или установленной) нормы word ~ словесный маркировочный знак -
18 shade
ʃeɪd
1. сущ.
1) а) тень;
полумрак to throw, cast, put into the shade ≈ затмевать б) перен. непонятность, неясность, неизвестность I have chosen to remain in the shade. ≈ Я предпочел остаться в неизвестности. Syn: obscurity
2) прохлада, тень in a shade of the forest ≈ в прохладе леса
3) а) тень, оттенок( в живописи) б) перен. намек;
нюанс;
незначительное отличие light and shade ≈ светотень, свет и тени тж. перен. dark shade ≈ темный тон delicate shade, soft shade ≈ мягкий оттенок light shade ≈ светлый тон pale shades, pastel shades ≈ пастельные тона, оттенки в) менее удачные места( в литературном произведении) г) печальные, трагические эпизоды (в истории какого-л. государства)
4) незначительное количество
5) а) миф.;
поэт. бесплотный дух;
тень умершего Syn: ghost б) поэт. незримый, неотступно сопровождающий спутник
6) экран, щит;
абажур;
стеклянный колпак
7) а) маркиза, полотняный навес над витриной магазина б) амер. штора to draw, pull down shades ≈ задергивать шторы to raise the shades ≈ поднимать шторы window shade ≈ оконные шторы Syn: window-blind
8) а) физ. защитное стекло( на опт. приборе) ;
бленда б) амер., разг. солнцезащитные очки, очки от солнца Syn: sunglasses
9) ист. силуэт, образ Syn: silhouette
2. гл.
1) заслонять от света;
затенять The house is shaded from the midday heat by those tall trees. ≈ Дом защищен от полуденной жары вот теми высокими деревьями.
2) скрывать, прятать( от взора, взгляда) shaded from view in the southern direction ≈ скрывшийся из виду в южном направлении Syn: veil
2., obscure
2. ;
disguise
2.
3) омрачать;
затемнять, затуманивать His eyes shaded with pain. ≈ Его глаза затуманились от горя. Syn: darken, sadden
4) перен. а) оставлять кого-л. в тени, опережать Syn: surpass, eclipse б) оттенять( хорошие качества плохими) His good qualities were not a little shaded by an inherent pride of ancestry, and an austerity of manners. ≈ Его хорошие качества ничуть не портились врожденной гордостью, доставшейся ему от предков, и отсутствием хороших манер.
5) символически изображать( что-л.) Syn: symbolize
6) тушевать, штриховать to shade the outlines ≈ заштриховать контуры Syn: hatch
7) незаметно переходить( into - в другой цвет) ;
незаметно исчезать( обыкн. shade away, shade off) ;
смягчать( обыкн. shade away, shade down) As the sun set, the sky shaded from blue to pink. ≈ Когда зашло солнце, небо из синего незаметно стало голубым. The leaves shaded into gold and red. ≈ Листья стали золотыми и красными.
8) амер. слегка понижать (цену) ∙ shade in тень;
полумрак;
прохлада - in the * (of a tree) в тени (дерева) - 20 degrees in the * двадцать градусов в тени - the trees make a pleasant * деревья образуют приятную тень неизвестность - to be in the * держаться в тени /на заднем плане/ - I have chosen to remain in the * я решил остаться в тени /неизвестным/ - to throw /to put, to cast/ smb., smth. in(to) the * затмить /превзойти/ кого-л., что-л. - to keep smb. in the * оставлять кого-л. на заднем плане - to fall into the * отойти на задний план pl сумерки;
вечерний полумрак;
ночная мгла (тж. the *s of evening, the *s of night, evening *s, night's *s) - the *s lengthen тени становятся длиннее;
сумерки сгущаются - the *s of evening /of night/ fall спускаются сумерки уединенное место, убежище, сень - in the * of smth. под сенью чего-л. оттенок, тон - material in all *s of blue ткань всех оттенков синего цвета - in dark *s в темных тонах - the same colour in a lighter * тот же цвет более светлого оттенка отличие, нюанс - people of all *s of opinion люди всевозможных убеждений - delicate *s of meaning тонкие нюансы значения - newspapers of every * газеты всех направлений незначительное количество (чего-л.) - a * more немного больше - a * better немного /чуть-чуть, капельку/ лучше - a * uncomfortable немного неловко - I drew my chair a * nearer to her я подвинул свой стул немного ближе к ней тень, намек - a * of annoyance crossed /passed over, came over/ his face по его лицу пробежала /на его лице промелькнула/ тень неудовольствия - there was not a * of humour in his voice в его голосе не было и намека на шутку /на шутливый тон/ - he seemed to feel not a * of doubt that... он, казалось, нисколько не сомневался, что...;
казалось, у него не было ни малейшего /ни тени/ сомнения, что... обыкн. pl (книжное) бесплотный дух, призрак - the *s of death тень смерти - the * of that which once was great призрак былого величия - among the *s в царстве теней тени - light and * свет и тени - it was a miserable painting without * or perspective это была жалкая мазня без теней и без перспективы экран, щит;
абажур маркиза, полотняный навес над витриной магазина (американизм) штора - to pull down the * опустить штору козырек - with a green * over my eyes защитив глаза зеленым козырьком pl (разговорное) солнцезащитные очки, темные очки зонтик защитное стекло( на оптическом инструменте) ;
бленда затенять;
защищать, заслонять( от света, солнца) - to * one's eyes (with one's hand) заслонить глаза (рукой) (от солнца) - a hat that *s one's eyes шляпа, защищающая глаза ( от солнца) - trees * the street деревья делают улицу тенистой - this spot *d by coconut palms этот уголок, затененный кокосовыми пальмами /тенистый от кокосовых пальм/ затмевать, отодвигать в тень (кого-л.) омрачать, делать мрачным - a sullen look *d his face угрюмый взгляд делал его лицо мрачным - his eyes *d with pain его глаза потемнели от боли штриховать, тушевать;
класть тени - to * the outlines заштриховать контуры - to * a white spot затушевать белое пятно незаметно переходить (в другой цвет, качество и т. п.;
тж. * away, * off) - scarlet shading off into pink алый цвет, переходящий в розовый постепенно исчезать (тж. * away) - their superiority *d away их превосходство постепенно сошло на нет смягчать( окраску, манеры, выражения и т. п.;
тж. * away, * down) - a touch of coarseness in his manners has since *d down с того времени он стал мягче /манеры его утратили прежнюю грубость/ (американизм) слегка уменьшать - they *d the price они сбавили /снизили/ цену shade миф., поэт. бесплотный дух;
тень умершего;
among the shades в царстве теней ~ тень, прохлада;
in the shade of a tree в тени дерева ~ тень;
полумрак;
light and shade жив. свет и тени (тж. перен.) ;
to throw (или to cast, to put) into the shade затмевать people of all shades of opinion люди самых разных убеждений;
there is not a shade of doubt нет и тени сомнения shade миф., поэт. бесплотный дух;
тень умершего;
among the shades в царстве теней ~ заслонять от света;
затенять ~ затенять ~ защитное стекло (на опт. приборе) ;
бленда ~ маркиза, полотняный навес над витриной магазина ~ незаметно переходить (into - в другой цвет) ;
незаметно исчезать (обыкн. shade away, shade off) ;
смягчать (обыкн. shade away, shade down) ~ незначительное количество;
a shade better чуть-чуть лучше ~ омрачать;
затуманивать ~ оттенок ~ амер. слегка понижать (цену) ~ тень, прохлада;
in the shade of a tree в тени дерева ~ тень, намек;
оттенок, нюанс;
незначительное отличие;
silks in all shades of blue шелковые нитки всех оттенков синего цвета ~ тень;
полумрак;
light and shade жив. свет и тени (тж. перен.) ;
to throw (или to cast, to put) into the shade затмевать ~ тень ~ амер. штора ~ штриховать, тушевать ~ штриховать ~ экран, щит;
абажур;
стеклянный колпак ~ экранировать ~ незначительное количество;
a shade better чуть-чуть лучше ~ тень, намек;
оттенок, нюанс;
незначительное отличие;
silks in all shades of blue шелковые нитки всех оттенков синего цвета people of all shades of opinion люди самых разных убеждений;
there is not a shade of doubt нет и тени сомнения ~ тень;
полумрак;
light and shade жив. свет и тени (тж. перен.) ;
to throw (или to cast, to put) into the shade затмевать -
19 RD
1) Общая лексика: retinal detachment, отслоение сетчатки2) Компьютерная техника: Real Date, Removable Disk, Rotate Degrees3) Биология: ratio-distortion system4) Американизм: Rural Development5) Спорт: Ratings Deviation, Recreational Device, Round Dance6) Военный термин: Rapid Deployment, Readiness Division, Repair Database, Replacement Detachment, Requirements Document, Reserve Decoration, Results Database, Rock Drill, Royal Dragoons, radar data, radar display, radiation damage, radiation detection, radiological defense, radius of damage, range development, readiness data, readiness date, redevelopment day, reference document, regimental depot, reinforcement depot, reinforcement designee, reliable data, replacement depot, required data, required date, requirements determination, requirements documents, research and development, reserve depot, restricted data, restricted document, retention and disposal, rifle depot7) Техника: Rutherford, direct reduction, radioactive drain, random driver, read, receipt day, recorders-reproducers, reentry decoy, reference designator, reply delay, rigging-down, ringdown, rod, perch, pole, two-range Decca, обозначение направленных радиомаяков8) Шутливое выражение: Republican Domination, Rest and Daydreaming, Retarded Donkey9) Математика: Recursive Doubling10) Метеорология: Rising Darkness11) Экономика: ( regional distributor) региональный дистрибьютор, агент по продаже12) Финансы: ограниченный дефолт (сокр. от "restricted default"; англ. термин взят из аналитического отчета агентства Fitch)13) Страхование: Directional radiobeacon14) Автомобильный термин: исследования и разработки15) Ветеринария: Rat Dog, Rescued Dog16) Грубое выражение: Real Dirty, Retarded Dumbass18) Телекоммуникации: Receive Delay, Routing Domain (ATM, ISO), Received Data (EIA-232-E), Request Disconnect (HDLC)19) Сокращение: Radar Detection, Road (Street Suffix), Royal Naval Reserve Decoration, Rural Delivery, radar, radiation, red, rural district, Request Disconnect, relative density20) Физиология: Recently Disgorged, Respiratory Disease21) Электроника: Recording Demand, received data22) Вычислительная техника: Route Descriptor, Recursive Design (CASE), Remove Directory (DOS, OS/2), Receive Data (MODEM)23) Нефть: random drilling, rigged down, rigging down, демонтаж (rigging-down)24) Банковское дело: обратитесь к чекодателю (отметка банка на неоплаченном чеке; refer to drawer)26) Парфюмерия: научные исследования и развитие27) Фирменный знак: Reader's Digest28) СМИ: Readers Digest, Reference Data29) Деловая лексика: Registered Design30) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: rotor diameter, РД (ruling document), руководящий документ (ruling document), (R/D) rig down31) Инвестиции: refer to drawer32) Сетевые технологии: Receiving Data, Remote Device, Routing Domain, приём данных33) Полимеры: Research Department, rolling direction34) Программирование: Register Destination, Register Dump, Rewind Disk35) Автоматика: root diameter36) Оружейное производство: пули с полусферической головной частью37) Сахалин Р: Ruling Document, ruling document38) Химическое оружие: Remedial design39) Велосипеды: rear derailleur40) Расширение файла: Read Direct, Receive Data, Remove Directory41) Нефть и газ: regulation document, рабочая документация, (rig down) разобрать, демонтировать, убрать (Карачаганак, Rigless Operations)42) Должность: Registered Dietician, Registered Dietitian, Resident Director, Residential Director43) Чат: Rude Dude, Russian Doll44) NYSE. Royal Dutch Petroleum Company45) Базы данных: Record Delimiter -
20 Rd
1) Общая лексика: retinal detachment, отслоение сетчатки2) Компьютерная техника: Real Date, Removable Disk, Rotate Degrees3) Биология: ratio-distortion system4) Американизм: Rural Development5) Спорт: Ratings Deviation, Recreational Device, Round Dance6) Военный термин: Rapid Deployment, Readiness Division, Repair Database, Replacement Detachment, Requirements Document, Reserve Decoration, Results Database, Rock Drill, Royal Dragoons, radar data, radar display, radiation damage, radiation detection, radiological defense, radius of damage, range development, readiness data, readiness date, redevelopment day, reference document, regimental depot, reinforcement depot, reinforcement designee, reliable data, replacement depot, required data, required date, requirements determination, requirements documents, research and development, reserve depot, restricted data, restricted document, retention and disposal, rifle depot7) Техника: Rutherford, direct reduction, radioactive drain, random driver, read, receipt day, recorders-reproducers, reentry decoy, reference designator, reply delay, rigging-down, ringdown, rod, perch, pole, two-range Decca, обозначение направленных радиомаяков8) Шутливое выражение: Republican Domination, Rest and Daydreaming, Retarded Donkey9) Математика: Recursive Doubling10) Метеорология: Rising Darkness11) Экономика: ( regional distributor) региональный дистрибьютор, агент по продаже12) Финансы: ограниченный дефолт (сокр. от "restricted default"; англ. термин взят из аналитического отчета агентства Fitch)13) Страхование: Directional radiobeacon14) Автомобильный термин: исследования и разработки15) Ветеринария: Rat Dog, Rescued Dog16) Грубое выражение: Real Dirty, Retarded Dumbass18) Телекоммуникации: Receive Delay, Routing Domain (ATM, ISO), Received Data (EIA-232-E), Request Disconnect (HDLC)19) Сокращение: Radar Detection, Road (Street Suffix), Royal Naval Reserve Decoration, Rural Delivery, radar, radiation, red, rural district, Request Disconnect, relative density20) Физиология: Recently Disgorged, Respiratory Disease21) Электроника: Recording Demand, received data22) Вычислительная техника: Route Descriptor, Recursive Design (CASE), Remove Directory (DOS, OS/2), Receive Data (MODEM)23) Нефть: random drilling, rigged down, rigging down, демонтаж (rigging-down)24) Банковское дело: обратитесь к чекодателю (отметка банка на неоплаченном чеке; refer to drawer)26) Парфюмерия: научные исследования и развитие27) Фирменный знак: Reader's Digest28) СМИ: Readers Digest, Reference Data29) Деловая лексика: Registered Design30) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: rotor diameter, РД (ruling document), руководящий документ (ruling document), (R/D) rig down31) Инвестиции: refer to drawer32) Сетевые технологии: Receiving Data, Remote Device, Routing Domain, приём данных33) Полимеры: Research Department, rolling direction34) Программирование: Register Destination, Register Dump, Rewind Disk35) Автоматика: root diameter36) Оружейное производство: пули с полусферической головной частью37) Сахалин Р: Ruling Document, ruling document38) Химическое оружие: Remedial design39) Велосипеды: rear derailleur40) Расширение файла: Read Direct, Receive Data, Remove Directory41) Нефть и газ: regulation document, рабочая документация, (rig down) разобрать, демонтировать, убрать (Карачаганак, Rigless Operations)42) Должность: Registered Dietician, Registered Dietitian, Resident Director, Residential Director43) Чат: Rude Dude, Russian Doll44) NYSE. Royal Dutch Petroleum Company45) Базы данных: Record Delimiter
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